3 - The Nervous System Flashcards
What is the CNS and PNS?
CNS = spinal cord and brain PNS = 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves
What is the somatic nervous system?
Controls skeletal muscle under voluntary control including both incoming sensory (afferent) and outgoing motor (efferent) fibres from the brain and spinal cord
What is the autonomic sensory system?
A division of the PNS that controls internal organs and the flight/flight response. Divided into
sympathetic: stimulates nervous activity (has pre/post ganglionic neurons)
parasympathetic: slows down the nervous system
What is ganglia?
Ganglia are a group of cell bodies, from a number of segmental levels, or nerve cluster that occurs in the PNS. They act as intermediates between the PNS and CNS i.e. dorsal root ganglia. Should think about what territory is this ganglia supplying. Big nerve bundles.
What is a plexus?
Branching network of nerves/vessels. Cervical, brachial, lumbosacral. Arise from the anterior rami of spinal nerves
What is a dermatome and what is a myotome?
Dermatome = area of skin supplied by the cutaneous branches of a single nerve. This can be mapped in the body and is used to measure spinal cord damage Myotome = the muscles innervated by a single spinal
What are the spinal nerves?
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
What are the layers of the meninges and spaces?
Epidural space: Dura Mater: Subdural space: Arachnoid Mater: Subarachnoid space: Pia Mater:
Epidural Space?
Contains fat which is the last to go. Small blood vessels with more veins than arteries. Put anaesthetics in here as is close to nerves but don’t have to penetrate tough dura mater. Between dura mater and vertebral wall
Dura Mater
Robust, tough fibrous tissue that the scalpel struggles to get through. Tough mother.
Subdural Space
VIRTUAL SPACE as dura mater and arachnoid are very close. Few arteries and veins. If you get brain shrinkage can get the space opening up and can tear the veins causing subdural haemorrhage. Short confusion and black-out - small bleeds
What is a single segmental level?
Level at which a single spinal nerve leaves. Think cross section
Why 8 cervical nerves but 7 vertebra?
1st comes out between skull and first vertebra
When does the spinal cord finish?
At L1. At this point becomes cone shaped = Conus Medularis ends the spinal cord. From here on it is the Cauda Equina
What direction does the spine protect the spinal cord?
Forwards and backwards but not elongation of spinal column - stops us being rigid. Structures in the spinal cord anchor it in place. If it wasn’t and you bent over the spinal cord would stretch and you would experience pain like a slipped disc everywhere