3 - The Human Body / Directional Terms

Question 1

The diaphragm separates what two cavities?

Answer 1

Thoracic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

(226)

Question 2

The left side of the heart receives blood from:

Answer 2

Pulmonary Vein (209)

Question 3

In directional terms, the sternum is ____ to the spinal column.

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

List three responses from stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 4

Decreased blood pressure
Decreased respiratory rate
Decreased heart rate
Increased digestive activity
Pupil constriction

(Part of the autonomic nervous system that helps the body relax and digest.)

(223)

Question 5

You are treating an unresponsive patient who is breathing adequately. You place the patient in the left lateral position to keep the patient’s airway open and clear. What is another name for the position in which you have placed the patient.

Answer 5

Recovery position

Question 6

In directional terms, the shoulder is ____ to the elbow.

Answer 6

Proximal

Question 7

The central nervous system has two components, list them.

Answer 7

Brain

Spinal cord

(220)

Question 8

List three structures of the lower airway.

Answer 8

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs

(220)

Question 9

List the three types of muscle (do not list voluntary and involuntary)

Answer 9

Smooth - (Involuntary)

Cardiac - (Involuntary)

Skeletal - (Voluntary)

(197)

Question 10

Name two of the four bones that make up the cranium.

Answer 10

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

(193)

Question 11

In the healthy adult patient, the impulse to breathe is a result of what happening in the CSF

Answer 11

High levels of CO2 in the blood

Question 12

A patient has fractured both femurs, Anatomically these injuries would be described as:

Answer 12

Bilateral

(172)

Question 13

Which of the blood vessels are the smallest in size? What is their primary function?

Answer 13

Capillaries

Gas and nutrient exchange

Question 14

In terms of the anatomy, medial means nearer to the:

Answer 14

Midline/center of the body

(171)

Question 15

The circulation of blood in through an organ is called:

Answer 15

Perfusion

(215)

Question 16

List the three parts of the brain.

Answer 16

Brain stem
Cerebrum
Cerebellum

(221)

Question 17

A patient found lying on their back is in what anatomical position?

Answer 17

Supine

(173)

Question 18

Name the five different types of vertebrae in descending order.

Answer 18

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacram (5)
Coccyx (4)

(193-4)

Question 19

What is the name of the top two chambers of the heart?

Answer 19

The right and left Atria

(209)

Question 20

The minimum blood pressure to generate a carotid pulse is:

Answer 20

60 mm Hg

Question 21

Which organ is located in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 21

Liver

(227)

Question 22

The elbow is an example of that type of joint?

Answer 22

Hinge joint

(192-3)

Question 23

List three complications that cause a decrease in blood pressure.

Answer 23

Loss of blood or its fluid components

Loss of vascular tone and sufficient arterial constriction to maintain the necessary even without any actual fluid or blood loss

A cardiac pumping problem

(388)

Question 24

Name two of the major facial bones

Answer 24

Maxillea
Mandible
Zygomas
Nasal bone

(193)

Question 25

Adequate blood pressure is necessary to:

Answer 25

Perfusion to organs (215)

Question 26

What does blood pressure measure?

Answer 26

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them (410) (215)

Question 27

List two responses the heart would have when stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system:

Answer 27

Reduction of heart rate and force of contraction (223)

Question 28

What is ventilation? What is respiration?

Answer 28

Ventilation is air going in and out of the lungs Respiration is the process of gas exchange (203)

Question 29

The right side of the heart receives blood from:

Answer 29

Superior and inferior vena cava (214)

Question 30

Name two bones in the forearm.

Answer 30

Radius and ulna (195)

Question 31

What is perfusion?

Answer 31

Adequate circulation of blood through the body’s organs and tissues (215)

Question 32

What are two of the body’s compensatory mechanisms for a drop in blood pressure?

Answer 32

Increased heart rate and constriction of the arteries (388)

Question 33

The nervous system is divided into two main sections, list them:

Answer 33

Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (220)

Question 34

List two types of smooth muscles:

Answer 34

Intestines and blood vessels (197)

Question 35

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries (be very specific):

Answer 35

Pulmonary arteries bring oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs (208)

Question 36

The most superior structure in the lower airway is the:

Answer 36

Trachea (200)

Question 37

What is the function of the alveoli:

Answer 37

It is within these alveolar sacs that oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream. (201)

Question 38

Which vessels supply the brain with oxygenated blood?

Answer 38

Carotid arteries (222)

Question 39

What is the function of the left ventricle?

Answer 39

A high-pressure pump that pumps blood to the body (209)

Question 40

You are transporting a patient in the high-fowler position. Describe the position in which patient has been placed

Answer 40

The patient is sitting with their back rested at a 90-degree angle (174) NOTE: Semi-Fowler is sitting with the back of the stretcher at a 45-degree angle

Question 41

In directional terms the trachea is _________ to the esophagus

Answer 41

Anterior or Ventral (172)

Question 42

Which anatomical position aids in keeping the airway open and protecting a patient's airway

Answer 42

Recovery position and Fowler’s position (173)

Question 43

The term used to describe a body part near the feet is:

Answer 43

Inferior (170)

Question 44

In directional terms, the wrist is ________ to the elbow

Answer 44

Distal (170)