11 - GI Urological / Endocrine, Hematologic / Allergy Flashcards
List three complications diabetics often experience by not managing their disease.
Blindness
Kidney Failure
Cardiovascular disease
(780)
List three hollow organs. Injury to a hollow organ can result in what complication?
Stomach, spleen, ovaries, gallbladder, urinary bladder
Injury to a hollow organ can results in SHOCK from the fluids in the organs leaking into the abdominal cavity
A 39-year-old patient is showing signs of AMS. The family states the patient has been ℅ excessive thirst and urination for several hours. The patient is alert to person and place only, the HR is 104 and weak, BP is 118/78 and the RR is 22. You are unable to obtain a glucose check. The most appropriate treatment for this patient is: What is your working diagnosis for this patient?
S/S: Hypoglycemia
Treatment: Provide oral glucose, rapid transport
Describe the three ways sickle-shaped cells cause dysfunction.
Anemia
Limits growth in children
Due to the shape of the blood cell, there is an increased risk of blood clots
List two functions of the pancreas
Production of insulin
Production of glucagon
Chronic renal failure is often caused by what two conditions?
Diabetes
Hypertension
A 28-year-old anxious and ℅ itchy, flushed skin on the torso. The patient has abdominal cramps and slight tightness in the chest. The RR rate is 24 with the wheezing present, HR is 122, BP is 100/62 and the SpO2 is 96%. What is your working diagnosis? Treatment for this patient should include:
Allergic reaction
Administer epinephrine
Rapid transport
Which organ plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure? (How for extra credit)
Kidneys: by filtering sodium chloride out of the body
List two complications of hemophilia A. Hemophilia A affects mostly:
Definition: impacts males, inherited gene from mother who is the carrier and father has the disease.
Action: Decrease ability to create a clot after an injury
Complications: Long term joint problems, Intracerebral hemorrhage, thrombosis due to treatments
(794)
What is the one risk factor that predisposes a patient to type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
A patient with a history of diabetes is exhibiting signs of chronic urination and thirst, with rapid and deep respirations. What is the medical term for his breathing pattern? Explain the cause of this breathing pattern. What is your treatment for this patient?
Kussmaul respirations
Cause: Metabolic acidosis, which is when the body has too much acid in the bloodstream. Can be caused by the following: Diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA), kidney failure, uremia
Treatment: Allow patient to breathe on their own, do not interrupt, check glucose levels when possible, rapid transport
(783)
When the lining of the stomach is irritated by foreign material such as blood, pus, or bile this is called:
Peritonitis
You respond to a semi-conscious patient. Family members state the patient has type-1 diabetes and they were unable to awaken the patient this morning. Your primary assessment reveals: the patient is responsive to verbal stimuli with incomprehensible words, the airway is open, breathing has normal rate, rhythm, quality, pulse is rapid, weak, and thready. You notice the skin is slightly pale and moist to the touch. The MOST likely cause of these complications is: Outline your treatment for this patient.
Hypoglycemia
Treatment:
A 65-year-old patient ℅ constipation and nausea. She has gastric distention and has not had a bowl movement in eight days. What is your working diagnosis?
Ilues
A 57-year-old patient is ℅ acute right upper abdominal pain. This HR is 112, BP is 200/134 and the SPO2 reading is 96%. During your secondary assessment, the patient complains of in the right shoulder as well. What is the MOST likely cause of these S/S?
Cholecystitis
You are performing a focused exam on a 38-year-old who is a ℅ RLQ, ABD pain. As you press down on the abdomen the patient complains of pain as you release the pressure. This finding is known as: What is the MOST likely cause of these S/S?
Rebound tenderness
Cause: Appendicitis
Briefly describe three situations that can cause symptomatic hypoglycemia.
1) A correct dose of insulin with a change in routine (the patient exercised more, consumed a meal later than usual, or skipped the meal)
2) More insulin than necessary
3) A correct dose of insulin without the patient eating a sufficient amount
4) A correct dose of insulin and an acute illness developed in the patient
(786)
List common symptoms that are often overlooked in patients with anaphylaxis.
Gastrointestinal issues
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common problem for people with a history of what two conditions?
Recent injury or surgeries
You are responding to a patient who was stung by a bee. Your assessment reveals wheezing, and the stinger is still in the arm. What is the treatment for this patient?
Scrape the stinger off the arm with an object with a rigid edge such as a a credit card
Treat with a dose of epinephrine
Rapid transport
What is the function of the spleen? Where is it located?
Upper left quadrant of the abdomen
It produces antibodies to help fight infection, assists in filtration of blood, removes old RBCs, and serves as a blood reservoir.
(757)
List three things a type 2 diabetic might use to manage their condition.
Oral medication
Good diet
Exercise routine
A 44-year-old who is c/o constipation, nausea and vomiting. The patient has gastric distention and has not had a bowl movement in five days. These S/S are most likely caused by what condition?
Ileus
A condition that occurs when the intestines are unable to move food and waste through the body normally.
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder
You are treating a diabetic patient that is exhibiting signs of excessive urination and thirst, with rapid and deep respirations. What is the medical term for excessive urination and what is the purpose of this?
Polyuria
Hyperglycemia, trying to get rid of glucose through kidneys, kidneys filtration system spills glucose into the urine, causing water to be pulled from the bloodstream into the urine.
(783)
A 73-year-old patient is c/o of ABD pain. The HR is 102, BP is 158/96, with an SpO, reading is 95%. During your secondary assessment you note a complaint of right shoulder pain. What is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?
Cholecystitis
A 30-year-old patient is showing signs of AMS. Her coworkers state she has not been acting like herself for the past few minutes. The patient is alert to person but responds with inappropriate answers. Her HR is 98 and strong, BP is 118/78 RR is 22 and the SpOz is 97%. Outline your assessment/treatment for this patient: what is your working diagnosis for this patient?
Hypoglycemia
Treatment: Assist administering oral glucose and rapid transport
What is a hernia? When a hernia is incarcerated what does this mean? What is this situation called?
Protrusion of an organ or tissue through a hole or opening into a body cavity where it does not belong
Incarcerated means it becomes seriously compressed by the surrounding tissue, eventually compromising the blood supply. This situation is called strangulation.
(766)
Which disease is a result of low fiber in the diet, where ABD pain tends to be localized to the LLQ?
Diverticulitis
(760 Chart)
List the three ways that sickle shaped cells lead to dysfunction.
Vaso Occlusive crisis
Anemia
Jaundice
Gallstones
Splenic dysfunction
(794)
A 20-year-old diabetic patient is showing signs of AMS. Family states the patient has been ℅ of excessive thirst and urination for over 6 hours. The patient is alert to the person only, the HR is 100 and weak, BP is 124/84 and the RR is 26. You are unable to obtain a glucose check. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient is: What is your working diagnosis for this patient?
Hypoglycemia (gradual onset)
Have ALS administer insulin IV
Transport in fowler position
List two functions of the liver
Creates glucose stores (After being stimulated by glucagon)
Secretes bile
Filters toxic substances produced by digestion
(757)
What symptom is often overlooked in patients experiencing an allergic reaction?
Gastrointestinal complaints (Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
Two of the most common signs of anaphylaxis is are:
Urticaria: Hives the itch and turns into swollen red welts on the skin
Angioedema: Swelling similar to hives, but the swelling is under the skin
More than two-thirds of patients who die from anaphylaxis do so within what time frame?
30-minutes
When is epinephrine indicated for a patient experiencing an allergic reaction?
When the allergic reaction has progressed to a systemic reaction (anaphylaxis)
A 17-year-old patient has dyspnea and flushed skin on the torso. The RR rate is 24 with bilateral wheezing. The patient c/o abdominal pain and tightness in the chest. The HR is 120, BP is 102/60 with an SpOz of 94%. Treatment for this patient should include:
ABC’s, ensure airway is clear and patent
High flow oxygen with a BVM
Administer Epinephrine (IM)
Call for ALS backup
Rapid transport
You are responding to a patient who was stung by a bee. Your assessment reveals the patient has urticaria on the arms and chest and a stinger is present on the right arm. There are signs of angioedema, stridor, wheezing, and pale skin. As you begin preparing for code-3 transport, list all immediate treatment considerations for this patient?
Scrape the stinger off the arm with an object with a rigid edge such as a a credit card
Administer epinephrine
Provide oxygen with NRM
Rapid transport
