3 sleep deprivation

Question 1

What is sleep deprivation?

Answer 1

Total sleep deprivation TSD

• Short term <45 hours
• long term >45 hours

partial sleep deprivation

• acute
• chronic

sleep fragmentation- going to sleep at the usual time but sleep is disrupted throughout the night; might pend more time in the lighter stages of sleep.

Question 2

What are the consequences of sleep deprivation

Answer 2

Cognitive function
weight management
reproductivve system 
emotional wellbeing
immune system

Question 3

what do sleep deprivation studies tell us ?

Answer 3

SD affects many different aspects:

• emotion
• immune
• health

Question 4

Sleep deprivation and cognitive function

Answer 4

Van Dongen et al (2003)

Psychomotor vigilance test- TSD worst, to 4, 6, 8 hours

digit symbol substitution task- TSD worst, to 4, 6, 8 hours

Serial addition subtraction task- TSD worse.

standford sleepiness scale - TSD recognised but little difference between 4,6 and 8 even though performance different

Question 5

Sleep deprivation and sleep architecture

Answer 5

Van Dongen et al (2003)
Stage 1: very little differences in the amount of time.

stage 2: restricted sleep to 4 hours spend less time in stage 2- sacrificing stage 2.

stage 3 and 4: little differences. Show iimportant

REM- restricted 4-6 hours spend less time in REM.

Question 6

sleep deprivation and sleep homeostasis

Answer 6

Moore (2007).
when youre sleep deprived sleep pressure continues to build keeps increasing. This is closely linked to slow wave sleep and is the reason a SD person will fall into SWS faster

Question 7

Sleep deprivation and emotional wellbeing

Answer 7

Yeo et al (2007)
no SD. 35 hr SD.
viewed emotional stimulus whilst brains scanned using fMRI
- both group increased activation to negative stimuli
- SD showed 60% greater amygdala activity.

Disconnect between mpfc and amygdala in sleep deprived pps.

Question 8

sleep deprivation and weight management

Answer 8

Van Cauter et al (2005)

Ghrelin: increased = increases our drive to eat.
Leptin: reduced= dont feel as full.

= linked to obesity.

Question 9

Sleep deprivation and the immune system

Answer 9

The same impact on the body as stress.

Reduction in natural killer cells.

Question 10

Sleep deprivation and neurodegeneration

Answer 10

SD leads to an increase in beta amyloid (A toxin associated with AD).
SWS is associated with removing toxins such as BA.

Question 11

Tipsy vs tired. Sleep deprivation vs alcohol consumption

Answer 11

Dawson and Ried (1997)
pps kept awake for 28 hours. Asked to consume 10-15 g of alcohol at 30 min intervals. 0.10% bA.
The longer kept awake the worse performance, similar to alcohol consumption