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Dermatology Week 1 2017/18 > 3: Skin structure & function 2 > Flashcards

3: Skin structure & function 2 Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Where do melanocytes originate from?

A

Neural crest

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2
Q

Which organelle, found in melanocytes, is responsible for producing converting an amino acid to melanin?

What is this amino acid called?

A

Melanosomes

Tyrosine

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3
Q

Melanin absorbs ___ ___.

A

UV radiation

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4
Q

Melanocytes have long projections which allow them to transfer melanosomes between themselves - what are these projections called?

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

___ caps protect the nuclei of ___ layer cells.

A

Melanin , basal

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6
Q

Name an autoimmune disease which targets melanocytes.

A

Vitiligo

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7
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Basal layer AND above the basal layer

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8
Q

Where are Langerhans cells found?

A

Suprabasal (i.e in the prickle cell layer)

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9
Q

Where are Merkel cells found?

A

Basal layer

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10
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Autoimmune disease causing destruction of melanocytes

Patient presents with loads of hypopigmented patches

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11
Q

What is albinism?

A

Complete / partial lack of pigment in skin, hair and eyes

Classic white appearance

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12
Q

What is Nelson’s syndrome?

What causes it?

A

Excess melanin production leading to hyperpigmented skin

Overproduction of MSH by anterior pituitary

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13
Q

What is a tumour of melanocytes called?

A

Malignant melanoma

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14
Q

Where do Langerhans cells originate from?

A

Bone marrow (immune function)

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15
Q

Langerhans cells pick up ___ and transfer them to lymph nodes via lymph vessels.

A

antigens

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16
Q

What are the tennis-racquet-shaped organelles found exclusively in Langerhans cells?

A

Birbeck granules

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17
Q

What is the function of Merkel cells?

A

Mechanoreceptors

18
Q

Cancer of which epidermal cell is caused by viral infection and has a high mortality rate?

A

Merkel cell cancer

19
Q

Which layer(s) of skin are hair follicles found in?

A

Epidermis

and

Dermis

20
Q

What substance is a hair follicle made of?

A

Keratin

21
Q

Which type of gland is found adjacent to hair follicles?

A

Sebaceous gland

22
Q

What is the deepest component of a hair follicle called?

A

Dermal papilla

23
Q

Hair follicles are pigmented by melanocytes - where are these found?

A

Nail matrix (above the dermal papilla)

24
Q

What is another name for a hair follicle?

A

Pilosebaceous unit

25
Q

What are the muscles responsible for moving hair follicles?

A

Arrector pili muscles

26
Q

What are the three phases of hair growth?

A

Anagen

Catagen

Telogen

27
Q

What happens in the anagen phase of hair growth?

A

Hair growth

28
Q

What happens in the catagen phase?

A

Involution - hair follicles get ready to shed

29
Q

What happens in the telogen phase?

A

Hair sheds

30
Q

Name a hormone which influences hair growth.

A

Thyroxine

Androgens - e.g testosterone

31
Q

For roughly how long is hair in the anagen phase of growth?

A

3 - 7 years

32
Q

Roughly how many hairs are shed every day by the average person?

A

30 - 150 hairs

33
Q

Not all human hair enters the telogen phase at the same time - this prevents total loss of hair. What is this characteristic called?

A

Asynchronicity

34
Q

What is telogen effluvium?

A

Marked increase in hair loss triggered by a stressful event (e.g childbirth, bereavement)

35
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

Hair loss caused by an autoimmune disorder (attacking the hair follicles)

36
Q

What is androgenic alopecia?

A

Pattern hair loss

i.e male pattern baldness

caused by decrease in androgens

37
Q

What is the bed of keratinocytes below the proximal nail plate called?

A

Nail matrix

38
Q

What is the name of the layer of epithelium found deep to the distal nail plate?

A

Hyponychium

39
Q

What is the white half moon part of a nail called?

A

Lunula

40
Q

What is the part of the nail proximal to the lunula?

A

Cuticle

Dermatology Week 1 2017/18 (13 decks)

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