3. Protsts & Viruses

Question 1

BINARY FISSION

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction in bacteria/protests

Question 2

GRAM-POSITIVE

Answer 2

Bacteria that stains with crystal violet (walls contain up to 90% peptidoglycan).

Question 3

GRAM-NEGATIVE

Answer 3

Bacteria that does not stain with crystal violet (less peptidoglycan, harder to treat with antibiotics).

Question 4

GENE TRANSFORMATION

Answer 4

Gene exchange involving FNA from the environment.

Question 5

GENE TRANSDUCTION

Answer 5

DNA transferred via viruses from one host to the next.

Question 6

ENDOSPORES

Answer 6

Resistant asexual cells that can extend periods of very harsh conditions (dormant, resting).

Question 7

PHOTOAUTOTROPH

Answer 7

Including cyanobacterium, cells that obtain energy from light and carbon from CO2.

Question 8

CHEMOAUTOTROPHS

Answer 8

Use CO2 as a carbon source and extract energy from substances like hydrogen sulfide or ammonia.

Question 9

AEROBES

Answer 9

Require oxygen

Question 10

ANAEROBES

Answer 10

Lack aerobic pathways and cannot use oxygen (sometimes die in the presence of it).

Question 11

PSYCHROPHILES

Answer 11

Grow at 0°C or lower and survive indefinitely when it is much colder.

Question 12

THERMOPHILES

Answer 12

Grow up to 80°C. (Extreme thermophiles >100°C)

Question 13

PATHOGENS

Answer 13

Bacteria and other micro organisms that cause disease (ie: syphillis, Lyme disease, leprosy, plant parasites).

Question 14

CYANOBACTERIA

Answer 14

One of the major evolutionary lines of bacteria, photosynthetic ancestors to chloroplasts (parallel membranes), Nitrogen fixing (heterocysts) and can produce heat and drought resistant spores (akinetes).

Question 15

LICHENS

Answer 15

Symbiotic relationships between 1-2 fungi and a green algae or a cyanobacterium.

Question 16

VIRUSES

Answer 16

Contain DNA/RNA but require a host cell in order to reproduce its genes (therefore is not living) and can have a huge impact on plants as well as animals.