1. Evolutionary Processes In Plants Flashcards
EVOLUTION
Change in allelic/genotypic frequency from one generation to the next
MICROEVOLUTION
Evolution within a population
MACROEVOLUTION
Evolution that results in major changes in evolutionary trends. Leads to speciation.
GENETIC DRIFT
Change in allelic frequencies by chance (random)
BOTTLENECK EFFECT
When a large majority of organisms in a population die off, leaving a small number of organisms and a small gene pool.
FOUNDER EFFECT
When part of a population is relocated to a new geographical area and do not represent the genetic diversity of the original population.
BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT
A group of interbreeding natural populations that are entirely reproductively isolated from other such groups.
HYBRIDIZATION
The crossing of two unlike parents (could be same or different species).
PHYLOGENETIC SPECIES CONCEPT
A population must have undergone evolution long enough for statistically significant difference in diagnostic traits to emerge (no breeding test required).
ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION
When a population becomes geographically isolated, then evolved through natural selection/genetic drift (most common method of speciation).
SYMPATRIC SPECIATION
Occurs if a genetic change produces a reproductive barrier between mutants and parent population (common in plants, not as common in animals).
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
The evolution from one kind of organism to several divergent forms, each specialized to fit a distinct and diverse way of life.
POLYPLOIDY
The presence of three or more chromosome sets in an organism (very common among plants).
AUTOPOLYPLOIDY
Multiple sets of chromosomes from a single species (most common).
ALLOPOLYPLOIDY
Multiple sets of chromosomes from different species (hybrid speciation).
