2. Systematics

Question 1

SYSTEMATICS

Answer 1

The science that names, classifies and determined the evolutionary relationships of living organisms.

Question 2

TAXONOMY

Answer 2

Consists of identifying, naming and classifying species.

Question 3

PHYLOGENY

Answer 3

Evolutionary history of organisms.

Question 4

TAXON

Answer 4

All named organisms/groups in a strict series of ranks with standardized endings.

Question 5

CLASSIFICATION

Answer 5

Hierarchical grouping of taxa into groups that are more and more inclusive.

Question 6

MONOPHYLETIC (NATURAL) GROUPS

Answer 6

Comprise all the descendants of the single, most recent common ancestor.

Question 7

NON-MONOPHYLETIC (ARTIFICIAL) GROUPS

Answer 7

Lack one or more descendants of the most recent common ancestor.

Question 8

PARAPHYLETIC GROUP

Answer 8

Pertaining to a taxon that excludes species that share a common ancestor with species included in the taxon.

Question 9

POLYPHYLETIC GROUP

Answer 9

Pertaining to a taxon with members derived from two or more ancestors not common to all members of the taxon.

Question 10

ANALOGOUS

Answer 10

A resemblance among characters that have evolved independently (often due to similar evolutionary processes).

Question 11

HOMOLOGOUS

Answer 11

A resemblance among characters that results from a common evolutionary origin (derived character).

Question 12

PROKARYOTES

Answer 12

Including Bacteria and Archaea, cells with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.

Question 13

EUKARYOTES

Answer 13

Including Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia, cells that have a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles.