3 - Nutrition & Macromolecules Flashcards
What 4 vitamins are fat-soluble?
A
D
E
K
What 2 vitamins are water-soluble?
B
C
Which enzyme breaks down lipids?
Lipase
Which enzyme breaks down proteins?
Protease
What are the 6 main classes of nutrients?
1) Carbohydrates
2) Proteins
3) Lipids
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Water
What are the 3 macromolecules?
1) Carbohydrates
2) Proteins
3) Lipids
What are essential nutrients? Give examples.
Chemicals that the body is unable to make and must be ingested.
Some amino acids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids.
Water
Most vitamins and minerals
What is the fancy name for carbohydrates?
Saccharides
What are polysaccharides? What are they broken down by?
Long chains of carbohydrates. Glycogen, starch & cellulose.
Salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase.
What are disaccharides? What are they broken down by?
Sucrose, lactose, maltose.
Sucrase
What are 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose, galactose, fructose.
Smallest -> largest, what are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Peptides
Polypeptides
Protein
What is the makeup of amino acids?
Amine
Carboxyl group
Hydrogen
Side group
How is protein digested?
Pepsin (stomach)
How are polypeptides digested?
Trypsin (duodenum)
Where are peptides absorbed?
Villi & microvilli in small intestine
What is the most common form of lipid?
Triglyceride
How are lipids digested?
Bile from gall bladder
Lipase (pancreas)
