1 - What is life? (Baby don't hurt me)

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

Branch of science handling the structure of organisms and their parts

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

Scientific study of the normal processes and functions of living things

Main goals
- understand + predict body’s reaction to external stimuli
- understand how body maintains homeostasis

Question 3

What are 4 levels of anatomy?

Answer 3

1) Gross anatomy
2) Surface anatomy
3) Microscopic anatomy
4) Developmental anatomy

Question 4

What does gross anatomy study? Is it macroscopic or microscopic?
What are the two categories of gross anatomy?

Answer 4

Structures which can be examined without the aid of a microscope.

Macroscopic.

1) Systemic (study of body’s systems)
2) Regional (study of a region in the body, e.g. limbs, knee)

Question 5

What does surface anatomy study? Is it macroscopic or microscopic?

Answer 5

External form and features. Used to gain a better understanding of underlying structures.

Macroscopic.

Question 6

What are the two categories of microscopic anatomy, what do they study? Is it macroscopic or microscopic?

Answer 6

1) Cytology - study of cells and content
2) Histology - study of tissues

Question 7

What does developmental anatomy study?
When do the greatest developmental changes occur?

Answer 7

Study of structural changes occurring in the body from fertilisation to death.

Before birth.

Question 8

What are the 3 levels of physiology?

Answer 8

1) Molecular
2) Cellular
3) Systemic

Question 9

What does molecular physiology study?

Answer 9

Processes and interactions within a cell.

Question 10

What does cellular physiology study?

Answer 10

The processes occurring within cells

Question 11

What does systemic physiology study?

Answer 11

The function of organ systems

(e.g. neurophysiology studies the function of the nervous system)

Question 12

What are 3 examples of studies of anatomy?

Answer 12

Viewing cells under a microscope

Observing the deep inner structures of the brain

Dissecting a heart

Question 13

What are 3 examples of studies of physiology?

Answer 13

Measuring electrical conductivity of the heart

Testing lung capacity with a vitalograph

Measuring blood pressure & heart rate after a run

Question 14

What are the 6 levels of organisation in the body?

Answer 14

1) Chemical level
2) Cellular level
3) Tissue level
4) Organ level
5) Organ system level
6) Organism

Question 15

What occurs on the chemical level of organisation?

Answer 15

Atoms interact and combine into molecules

Question 16

What occurs on the cellular level of organisation?

Answer 16

Molecules interact and combine to form a cell’s organelles

Question 17

What occurs on the tissue level of organisation?

Answer 17

Numerous similar cells and surrounding tissues join to form a tissue type. (e.g. smooth muscle, skeletal muscle)

Question 18

What occurs on the organ level of organisation?

Answer 18

2+ tissue types form an organ, which performs one or more functions

Question 19

What occurs on the organ system level of organisation?

Answer 19

A group of organs perform a common function

Question 20

What occurs on the organism level of organisation?

Answer 20

Anything living considered as a whole

Question 21

What are the 6 characteristics of an organism/life?

Answer 21

1) Organisation
2) Metabolism
3) Responsiveness
4) Growth
5) Development
6) Reproduction

Question 22

What is the organisation characteristic of life?

Answer 22

Specific relationships/interactions between the parts of an organism

Question 23

What is the metabolism characteristic of life?

Answer 23

The ability to use energy (chemical reactions), and to perform vital functions

Question 24

What is the responsiveness characteristic of life?

Answer 24

The ability to sense and adjust to surroundings

Question 25

What is the growth characteristic of life?

Answer 25

Increase in the size/number of cells Overall enlargement of the organism

Question 26

What is the development characteristic of life?

Answer 26

The changes that an organism undergoes through time

Question 27

What is the reproduction characteristic of life?

Answer 27

Formation of new cells & organisms. The passing of genes onto an organism's offspring.

Question 28

What is homeostasis?

Answer 28

Maintenance of a constant internal environment within the body, despite and in response to changes in the external environment.

Question 29

What is the ideal normal value of homeostasis referred to as? Is some fluctuation normal?

Answer 29

The set point. Minor fluctuations are considered normal.

Question 30

What is anatomical position?

Answer 30

The standard reference position used to - describe body parts - describe the position of body parts in relation to each other

Question 31

How would a person in anatomical position be standing?

Answer 31

Standing upright Face directed formals Upper limbs hanging by sides Palms forward Lower limbs straight

Question 32

What are two other positions associated with anatomical position?

Answer 32

Supine (face-up) Prone (face-down)

Question 33

What are 2 other directional terms used to describe locations?

Answer 33

Superficial Deep

Question 34

The liver is _______ to the urinary bladder

Answer 34

Superior

Question 35

The diaphragm is ________ to the heart

Answer 35

Inferior

Question 36

The sacrum is __________ to the urinary bladder

Answer 36

posterior

Question 37

The elbow is ________ to the shoulder

Answer 37

distal

Question 38

The knee is _______ to the ankle

Answer 38

proximal

Question 39

The heart is ________ to the lungs

Answer 39

Medial

Question 40

What are the four body planes?

Answer 40

Sagittal Frontal Transverse Oblique

Question 41

How does the sagittal plane divide?

Answer 41

Into left and right |

Question 42

How does the frontal plane divide?

Answer 42

Into anterior and posterior |

Question 43

How does the transverse plane divide?

Answer 43

Into superior and inferior __

Question 44

How does the oblique plane divide?

Answer 44

On an angle that is not parallel to the ground, or a right-angle

Question 45

What are the 3 ventral body cavities?

Answer 45

1) Thoracic 2) Abdominal 3) Pelvic

Question 46

What is the position of the thoracic cavity relative to the other ventral body cavities? What does it contain?

Answer 46

Most superior of ventral cavities. Contains heart and lungs. Contains the mediastinum, in a separate section.

Question 47

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 47

Heart Major blood vessels Trachea Oesophagus

Question 48

What is the position of the abdominal cavity relative to the other ventral body cavities? What does it contain?

Answer 48

Inferior to thoracic cavity, superior to pelvic cavity. Contains stomach, pancreas, intestines, liver.

Question 49

What is the barrier between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Answer 49

Diaphragm

Question 50

What is the position of the pelvic cavity, relative to the other ventral cavities? What does it contain?

Answer 50

Inferior to abdominal cavity. Contains urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, reproductive organs.

Question 51

The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity are often grouped into the ____________ cavity

Answer 51

Abdominopelvic

Question 52

What is the barrier between the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Answer 52

No clear barrier.

Question 53

What are the quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity? R->L, Superior->Inferior

Answer 53

Right-upper quadrant Right-lower quadrant Left-upper quadrant Left-lower quadrant RIGHT AND LEFT ARE THE RIGHT AND LEFT OF THE DIAGRAM. NOT YOUR RIGHT AND LEFT.

Question 54

What are the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity? R->L, Superior->Inferior

Answer 54

Right hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Right iliac region Epigastric region Umbilical region Hypogastric region Left hypochondriac region Left lumbar region Left iliac region

Question 55

The appendix is in the ____________ quadrant

Answer 55

Right-Lower

Question 56

The spleen is in the _________ quadrant

Answer 56

Left-Upper

Question 57

The urinary bladder is in the ________ and _______ quadrants

Answer 57

Right and Left Lower

Question 58

The large intestine is in the _______ region

Answer 58

Left Iliac

Question 59

The liver, stomach and pancreas are in the ________ region

Answer 59

Epigastric

Question 60

The urinary bladder is in the __________ region

Answer 60

Hypogastric

Question 61

What are the properties of serous membranes?

Answer 61

Line the trunk cavities and cover organs Lubricate organs, reduce friction Hold organs in position

Question 62

Serous membranes, AKA __________, are _________-layered membranes, separated by thin film of ______________.

Answer 62

Serosa Double Serous fluid

Question 63

What are 3 locations of serous membranes?

Answer 63

Pericardial cavity Pleural cavity Peritoneal cavity

Question 64

What are retroperitoneal organs? What is an example of a retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 64

Organs tightly adhered to posterior wall Only have peritoneum covering them on one aspect. e.g. kidneys, pancreas

Question 65

What are the two types of serous membranes? How do they differ?

Answer 65

Parietal - lines trunk cavities Visceral - covers organs