3 - Digestive System

Question 1

What is the anatomy of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

Question 2

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 2

Duodenum
Ileum
Jejenum

Question 3

What are the 4 parts of the large intestine?

Answer 3

Caecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending), rectum, anal canal

Question 4

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 4

Fold of peritoneum, attached to the greater curvature of the stomach, droops down the front of the abdominopelvic cavity, attaches to transverse colon.

Question 5

What is the purpose of the greater omentum?

Answer 5

To connect the stomach and transverse colon (large intestine) together

Question 6

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 6

Ingestion
Mastication
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 7

What does a visceral peritoneum do?

Answer 7

Cover the surface of organs.

Question 8

What does a parietal peritoneum do?

Answer 8

Covers the inner walls of the body wall.

Question 9

What does the lesser omentum connect together?

Answer 9

Connects the stomach to the liver & diaphragm

Question 10

What are 5 parts of the oral cavity?

Answer 10

1) Teeth
2) Soft palate
3) Hard palate
4) Tongue
5) Uvula

Question 11

How many teeth does an average adult have?

Answer 11

32

Question 12

Moving posterior->anterior in the mouth, what are the 4 types of teeth? How many of each does an average adult have?

Answer 12

Molars (12)
Premolars (8)
Canines (4)
Incisors (8)

Question 13

What is the purpose of saliva, in the context of digestion?

Answer 13

Assists in swallowing
Contains salivary amylase (assists in breakdown of carbohydrates)
Contains lysozymes (antibacterial enzymes)

Question 14

What are the 3 major pairs of salivary glands in the mouth?

Answer 14

1) Parotid
2) Sublingual
3) Submandibular

Question 15

What is the hard palate?

Answer 15

Anterior part of palate, hard and bony

Question 16

What is the soft palate?

Answer 16

Posterior part of the palate, soft and muscular

Question 17

What does the pharynx connect?

Answer 17

Pharynx connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus.

Question 18

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx? (moving superior -> inferior)

Answer 18

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 19

What does the oesophagus connect?

Answer 19

Oesophagus connects the pharynx to the stomach.

Question 20

How long (roughly) is the oesophagus? Where does it end?

Answer 20

~25cm long.
Ends at the gasto-oesophageal sphincter

Question 21

What are the three phases of swallowing?

Answer 21

1) Voluntary phase
2) Pharyngeal phase
3) Oesophageal phase

Question 22

What occurs during the voluntary phase of swallowing?

Answer 22

Tongue pushes bolus to the back of the oral cavity, towards the oropharynx.

Question 23

What occurs during the pharangeal phase of swallowing?

Answer 23

Nasopharynx closed off by uvula.
Receptors on oropharynx trigger swallowing reflex
Epiglottis covers trachea.
Bolus pushed down pharynx into oesophagus.

Question 24

What occurs during the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

Answer 24

Bolus pushed down the oesophagus to the stomach via peristalsis

Question 25

What are the four parts of the stomach, superior -> inferior?

Answer 25

1) Cardiac 2) Fundus 3) Body 4) Pyloric

Question 26

What kind of acid is stomach acid? What is its pH?

Answer 26

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) pH of 2-3

Question 27

What is the purpose of stomach acid?

Answer 27

To assist in the chemical breakdown of food.

Question 28

How are the walls of the stomach protected from stomach acid?

Answer 28

Via the secretion of mucus.

Question 29

What layers make up the wall of the stomach, outer -> inner?

Answer 29

1) Visceral peritoneum 2) 3 layers of smooth muscle 3) Submucosa 4) Mucosa (made up of simple columnar epithelium)

Question 30

What are the three layers of smooth muscle in the stomach?

Answer 30

Outer longitudinal Middle circular Inner oblique