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243: Medical Microbiology > 3. Nutrition > Flashcards

3. Nutrition Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bacteria need elements to survive, what are these?

A 
CHNOPS:
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
phosphate
sulphate
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2
Q

what % weight do CHNOPS make up in prokaryotes

A

96%

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3
Q

bacteria also require some trace elements. give 3 examples?

A

copper, magnesium, zinc

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4
Q

what are trace elements used for

A

help enzymes work and act as cofactors

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5
Q

what other factors are required for growth

A

appropriate temperature, pH, salinity
electron donor
energy source

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6
Q

what is an autotroph

A

one that fixes inorganic carbon

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7
Q

what is a heterotroph

A

one that assimilates their own carbon using simple and complex sugars

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8
Q

name the bacteria that fix gaseous nitrogen

A

some cyanobacteria

actinomycetes

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9
Q

name the bacteria that are autotrophs (fix inorganic carbon)

A

cyanobacteria

green & purple sulphur bacteria

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10
Q

how is nitrogen acquired

A

fixed through ammonium or ammonia nitrate

fix gaseous nitrogen

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11
Q

what products are essential for bacteria function

go into the cell

A
  • inorganic nutrients
  • carbon source
  • electron donor (reduced)
  • electron acceptor (oxidised)
  • energy source
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12
Q

where do phototrophs source their energy

A

light

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13
Q

where do chemotrophs source their energy

A

chemical reactions

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14
Q

what is an organotroph

A

source their electrons from organic matter

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15
Q

what is a lithotroph

A

source their electrons from inorganic compounds

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16
Q

what is a guild

A

a community of metabolically related microorganisms

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17
Q

which guilds live in anaerobic habitats

A

E, F & G

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18
Q

which guilds can live in both aerobic and anaerobic habitats

A

C & D

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19
Q

what guilds live in aerobic habitats

A

A & B

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20
Q

what are guild A

A

aerobic decomposers

21
Q

what is the source of energy for guild A aerobic decomposers

A

dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

22
Q

what is the core genus of guild A aerobic decomposers

A

pseudomonas

23
Q

where do guild A aerobic decomposers source DOC from

A

fungi - which produce this as a waste product

24
Q

what are guild B

A

gliding bacteria

25
Q

what is the source of energy for guild B gliding bacteria

A

particulate organic carbon (POC)

26
Q

what is the core genus of guild B gliding bacteria

A

cytophaga

27
Q

how do guild B gliding bacteria glide

A

use mucus which they produce, they have no flagella

28
Q

what are guild E

A

sulphate reducing bacteria

29
Q

what is the source of energy for guild E sulphate reducing bacteria

A

dissolved organic carbon

30
Q

what is the electron acceptor for guild E, and what is it reduce to

A

sulphate, reduced to hydrogen sulphide

31
Q

where are guild E bacteria frequently found

A

in the gut

32
Q

what is the core genus of guild E

A

desulfovibrio

33
Q

what are guild F

A

green and purple bacteria

34
Q

what is the electron acceptor of guild F green and purple sulphur bacteria

A

hydrogen sulphide

35
Q

what is the source of carbon in guild F green and purple sulphur bacteria

A

utilise CO2 from gaseous pool

36
Q

which guild do guild F bacteria feed, how?

A

guild E, they produce the sulphate which they need

37
Q

what is the core genus of guild F green and purple sulphur bacteria

A

chromatium

38
Q

what are guild G

A

methanogenic bacteria

39
Q

what process does guild G carry out and what is this?

A

methanogenesis -> the formation of methane

40
Q

what is the electron acceptor of guild G

A

co2

41
Q

what are guild D

A

colourless sulphur bacteria

42
Q

what is the energy source of guild D colourless sulphur bacteria

A

hydrogen sulphide

43
Q

what are guild D bacteria used for

A

used to leach materials and oxidise iron

44
Q

what are guild C

A

nitrifying bacteria

45
Q

what do guild C bacteria do

A

nitrification

46
Q

name a bacteria in guild C that converts ammonium to nitrite

A

nitrosomonas

47
Q

name a bacteria in guild C that converts nitrite into nitrate

A

nitrobacter

48
Q

what fixes gaseous nitrogen

A

diazotrophs

243: Medical Microbiology (27 decks)

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