3- Monitoring Part 2

Question 1

3 aspects that you can monitor the cardiovascular system through

Answer 1

HR,RR
MM colour & CRT
Bleeding from surgical site

Equipment = BP, haemoglobin oxygen saturation

Question 2

What is important to do to the animal before administering any drugs?

Answer 2

Important to know normal parameters for your animal - HR, RR,

Question 3

T/F Presence of a heartbeat implies cardiac output is adequate

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What should use of stethoscope for HR be used in conjunction with?

Answer 4

Pulse palpation and BP

Question 5

List 3 areas you can palpate a pulse

Answer 5

Sublingual (ventral aspect of tongue)
Mandibular- not common
Digital metacarpal
Digital metatarsal
Dorsal pedal (dorsal of metatarsal area)
Femoral medial aspect of femur
Coccygeal artery

Question 6

Gums that are very pink or red with a rapid CRT means what?

Answer 6

Vasodilation

Question 7

What colour of gums would you get with vasoconstriction?

Answer 7

Very pale

Question 8

Define Cyanosis

Answer 8

Blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes

Indicates severe hypoxeamia

Question 9

How much blood is = to 1g

Answer 9

1g=1ml

Question 10

2 ways to measure BP

Answer 10

Doppler

Oscillometric method

Question 11

‘Norm’ BP ranges of a dog

Answer 11

• Systolic 100-160mmHg
• Diastolic 80-120mmHg
• Mean 60-100mmHg

Question 12

What does pulse oximetry tell you?

Answer 12

SpO2 = % of haemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen

(Healthy - 95%)

Detects hypoxia, and measures pulse rate

Question 13

T/F A pulse ox reading of 95% means animal is good

Answer 13

False - the patient may not have a hypoxic reading but they may be hypoxic
- blood well oxygenated but circulation is insufficient to distribute to tissues
so needs to be used in conjunction with blood pressure monitoring

Question 14

What can a MAP < 60mmHg for over 30 mins lead to

Answer 14

Renal failure.
Delayed recovery
Neuromuscular complications
Decreased hepatic metabolism of drugs
CNS abnormalities such as blindness.

Question 15

Describe the placement of ECG leads

Answer 15

Red= right fore
Yellow= left fore
Green= left hind

Question 16

What do ECG tell us during anaesthesia

Answer 16

allow us to detect tachycardia and bradycardia
Can allow the detection of arrythmias

Question 17

What is an oesophageal stethoscope useful for

Answer 17

is a very accurate way of measuring the heart rate

Question 18

what is CRT an assessment of

Answer 18

of peripheral perfusion and oxygenation

Question 19

What does doppler measure

Answer 19

MAP (mean arterial pressure) in cats
Systolic in dogs

Question 20

what do you need to consider about cuff width when measuring blood pressure

Answer 20

40% of the circumference of the area of the limb you are placing it on