3 - Methods of Presenting Practice

Question 1

Define Whole practice?

Answer 1

Whole practice is when the skill is presented in its entirety and not broken down into parts.

Question 2

Whole practice should be used when the skill is?

Answer 2

• Highly organised
• Fast ballistic and discrete
• Continuous / cyclic
• Simple
• Not dangerous
• Performer is at the autonomous stage of learning

Question 3

Give an example of whole practice?

Answer 3

Cycling or a tennis serve

Question 4

Name advantages of Whole Practice?

Answer 4

• Kinaesthesis is developed.
• Fluency between subroutines is maintained.
• Not time consuming.
• Creates a clear mental image.
• Easily transferred into a full game
• Aids understanding

Question 5

Name disadvantages of Whole Practice?

Answer 5

• Not ideal for cognitive performers.
• Cause information overload and fatigue.
• Must be capable to perform the skill.

Question 6

Define Whole-Part-Whole Practice?

Answer 6

Whole-Part-Whole practice is when the performer attempts the full skill, then one (or each) subroutine is practised in isolation before being integrated back into the entire skill.

Question 7

Whole-Part-Whole practice should be used when the skill is?

Answer 7

• Complex.
• Fast / ballistic.
• Performer is cognitive and grooving individual parts.
• Skill is autonomous and concentrating on a specific weakness.

Question 8

Name advantages of Whole-Part-Whole practice?

Answer 8

• Kinaesthesis is maintained in the whole.
• Weak parts / subroutines can be improved.
• Fluency between subroutines is maintained in the whole.
• Confidence and motivation is improved as success is seen in each part.

Question 9

Name disadvantages of Whole-Part-Whole Practice?

Answer 9

• Time consuming.
• Cannot use with highly organised skills.
• Kinaesthesis can be negatively affected if the part is not integrated quickly.

Question 10

Name examples of Whole-Part-Whole practice?

Answer 10

Example - Swimming

Whole: - Introduce the full stroke; allow the performer to experience it.
- Note that arm action is weak

Part: - Practice arm action in isolation with the aid of floats until grooved.

Whole: - Practice the strokes as one again, now with improved arm action.

Question 11

Define Progressive Part Practice?

Answer 11

Progressive part practice is the first subroutine / part that is taught and practised until perfected. The rest of the parts are added sequentially until the whole skill can be performed.

Question 12

Progressive Part Practice should be used when the skill is?

Answer 12

• Low organisation
• Serial
• Complex
• Dangerous
• Performer is cognitive

Question 13

Name advantages of a Progressive Part Practice?

Answer 13

• Focussing on one part of the skill reduces the chance of overload and fatigue.
• Aids understanding of each part.
• Confidence and motivation increases as success is seen in each part.
• Danger is reduced.

Question 14

Name disadvantages of Progressive Part Practice?

Answer 14

• Very time consuming
• Cannot use with highly organised skills
• Fluency between subroutines can be negatively affected.
• Kinaesthesis / feel for whole skill not experienced until the very end.

Question 15

Give an example of Progressive Part Practice?

Answer 15

Triple Jump:

• Teach hop - practise until grooved
• Teach step - practise until grooved
• Practise hop and step together
• Teach jump - practise until grooved
• Practise hop, step and jump together

Question 16

What are the 3 methods of presenting practice?

Answer 16

Whole Practice
Whole-Part-Whole Practice
Progressive Part Practice