3: matter and minerals

Question 1

naturally occurring masses of minerals or mineral like matter

Answer 1

rocks

Question 2

the building blocks of rocks

Answer 2

minerals

Question 3

the formal study of minerals

Answer 3

minerology

Question 4

minerals are composed of atoms of what?

Answer 4

atoms of one or two elements

Question 5

three basic components of atoms

Answer 5

neutron, electron, proton

Question 6

what doe the atomic number represent?

Answer 6

the number or protons in the nucleus

Question 7

how are protons and neutrons the same?

Answer 7

they have the same size and mass

Question 8

when do chemical bonds occur?

Answer 8

when atoms are attracted to other atoms

Question 9

what does the attraction of two atoms lead to?

Answer 9

the transfer or sharing of valence electrons

Question 10

the octet rule states the most stable arrangement of electrons for an atom

Answer 10

is to have eight electrons in the outermost principal shell

Question 11

covalent bonds form when

Answer 11

adjacent atoms share valence electrons

Question 12

to form an ionic bond, atoms of the same element give up

Answer 12

one or more valence electrons

Question 13

metallic bonds involve extensive sharing of ______ so much so they move freely through the substance

Answer 13

valence electrons

Question 14

luster is a minerals ability to

Answer 14

reflect light

Question 15

translucent, opaque, and transparent describe the degree to which a mineral can

Answer 15

transmit light

Question 16

what factor is unreliable for mineral identification?

Answer 16

color

Question 17

crystal shape/habit and streak color are useful for

Answer 17

mineral identification

Question 18

what gives a mineral its hardness?

Answer 18

strength of chemical bonds

Question 19

what scale is mineral hardness measure on?

Answer 19

the Mohs scale

Question 20

what is a mineral’s ability to resist deforming stresses such as breakage and bending called?

Answer 20

tenacity

Question 21

the preferential breakage of a mineral along planes of weakly bonded atoms

Answer 21

cleavage

Question 22

what is the name of the ration between a mineral’s density and the density of water?

Answer 22

specific gravity

Question 23

diagnostic properties such as magnetism, reaction to acid, and feel are used for

Answer 23

identifying minerals

Question 24

the law that states no matter how big a crystal of a mineral is, the angle between the faces will always be the same

Answer 24

steno’s law

Question 25

the most common elements in earth’s crust

Answer 25

silicon and oxygen

Question 26

the most common mineral group on earth

Answer 26

silicate minerals

Question 27

the silicon oxygen tetrahedron consists of

Answer 27

one silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms