3: matter and minerals Flashcards

1
Q

naturally occurring masses of minerals or mineral like matter

A

rocks

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2
Q

the building blocks of rocks

A

minerals

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3
Q

the formal study of minerals

A

minerology

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4
Q

minerals are composed of atoms of what?

A

atoms of one or two elements

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5
Q

three basic components of atoms

A

neutron, electron, proton

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6
Q

what doe the atomic number represent?

A

the number or protons in the nucleus

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7
Q

how are protons and neutrons the same?

A

they have the same size and mass

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8
Q

when do chemical bonds occur?

A

when atoms are attracted to other atoms

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9
Q

what does the attraction of two atoms lead to?

A

the transfer or sharing of valence electrons

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10
Q

the octet rule states the most stable arrangement of electrons for an atom

A

is to have eight electrons in the outermost principal shell

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11
Q

covalent bonds form when

A

adjacent atoms share valence electrons

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12
Q

to form an ionic bond, atoms of the same element give up

A

one or more valence electrons

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13
Q

metallic bonds involve extensive sharing of ______ so much so they move freely through the substance

A

valence electrons

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14
Q

luster is a minerals ability to

A

reflect light

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15
Q

translucent, opaque, and transparent describe the degree to which a mineral can

A

transmit light

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16
Q

what factor is unreliable for mineral identification?

17
Q

crystal shape/habit and streak color are useful for

A

mineral identification

18
Q

what gives a mineral its hardness?

A

strength of chemical bonds

19
Q

what scale is mineral hardness measure on?

A

the Mohs scale

20
Q

what is a mineral’s ability to resist deforming stresses such as breakage and bending called?

21
Q

the preferential breakage of a mineral along planes of weakly bonded atoms

22
Q

what is the name of the ration between a mineral’s density and the density of water?

A

specific gravity

23
Q

diagnostic properties such as magnetism, reaction to acid, and feel are used for

A

identifying minerals

24
Q

the law that states no matter how big a crystal of a mineral is, the angle between the faces will always be the same

A

steno’s law

25
the most common elements in earth's crust
silicon and oxygen
26
the most common mineral group on earth
silicate minerals
27
the silicon oxygen tetrahedron consists of
one silicon atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms