3. Inflammation + Infection + Immunology Flashcards
Monotrichous flagella have what?
One flagella
Peritrichous flagella have what?
Loads of flagella everywhere
Lopotrichous flagella have what?
flagella on one side of bacteria
Amphitrichous flagella have what?
Flagella on both sides
Capsule is made from what
polysacharides
Endospores are what
metabolically inert form of bacteria
gram positive =
Blue / purple
–> Staph / Strepto
Gram negative =
Red / pink
Binary replication occurs through what type of gene transfer
vertical
Acquisition replication occurs through what type of gene transfer
Horizontal
Ringworm // Atheletes foot // Aspergilliosis
are all what type of fungi
Fillamentous moulds
Microbiota definition
All organisms in a community
Microbiome
All genes present within microbiota
What type of bacteria is typical in mouth
what do they do that cause damage to teeth
Oral streptococci
sugars –> lactic acid
What type of bacteria are generally found in the large GI system
anaerobic = 95-99%
virulence
Degree to which can cause disease
Pneumococcal surface protein A does what
prevent complement mediated killing
Hyaluronidase + streptokinase do what that are released from s.pyogenes
break down BM to allow entry
90% of leg ulcers originate from what
Vascular cause
–> 70% venous cause
Where is the gaiter area of the leg?
-
Lopodermatosclerosis is what
Inflam. skin condition = increase in leukocytes = increased collagen production = Fibrosis of subcutaenous fat
Aterial ulcers are most associated with what
PVD
50% of pyoderma gangerenosum have what cause
dont have cause lol
5 Cardinal signs
Heat / pain / swelling / redness / loss of function
What type of protein production is found in Acute Inflam.
Excudate
What two substances are generally found in Acute Inflam./
Histamine + NO
What is thee type of movement that neutrophils use to enter BM
Amoeboid migration
Histamine // PG // Leukotrines // Cytokines are all found in what?
Acute Inflam.
Pyrexia in AI is caused by what
macrophages + polymorphs released cytokines => hypothalamus
Microglia // Kupferr // osteoclasts are all type of what
Macrophages
Granuloma definition
collection of activated epithelioid macrophages
Type 1 is mediated by what?
What is associated with it
IgE + MC + Basophil degranulation = histamine release
Penicillin
Type 2 is what?
What syndrome associated with it ?
IgG/M to against self / foreign antigen = > complement
Good pasture syndrome
Type 3 is what?
what syndrome associated with it?
Immune complex deposition
SLE
Type 4 is what?
What is associated with it?
Delayed type (T cell toxicicity)
Contact dermatitis (metals / TB / poison ivy)
Tryptase is used as a marker for what
Anaphylaxis
Chlorhexidine anaphylaxis causes what
Peri-op anaphylaxis
Direct oral challenge involves what?
Giving drug despite them saying they are “allergic”
What vitamins are stored in the liver
A D B12 Iron
What zone hepatocytes contain drug metabolising hepatocytes
Zone 3
Failure to detoxify nitrogenous compounds =>
Hepatic encephalopathy => Coma
What are the 2 major pathways involved in paracetamol excretion
Sulphate + Glucuronide Conjugation
CYP2E1 + CYP1A2 form what toxic metabolite when breaking down paracetamol
NAPQI
N-Acetyl cysteine is used in what?
What does it bind to?
Paracetamol overdose
-> Broken down to glutathione to bind to NAPQI
primary granulomatous disease that affects the intestines
Crohns
Is the spleen a secondary lymph organ
yes
Thymic aplasia leading to lack of T-cells
DiGeorge
In a healthy individual, an area of the body in where you would likely detect colonisation with
Staphylococcus aureus?
nose
Type III hypersensitivity disease affecting kidneys
nephritis
CCP is seen as an AB for what disease
RA
