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yr2 EMS > 3. Inflammation + Infection + Immunology > Flashcards

3. Inflammation + Infection + Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Monotrichous flagella have what?

A

One flagella

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2
Q

Peritrichous flagella have what?

A

Loads of flagella everywhere

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3
Q

Lopotrichous flagella have what?

A

flagella on one side of bacteria

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4
Q

Amphitrichous flagella have what?

A

Flagella on both sides

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5
Q

Capsule is made from what

A

polysacharides

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6
Q

Endospores are what

A

metabolically inert form of bacteria

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7
Q

gram positive =

A

Blue / purple

–> Staph / Strepto

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8
Q

Gram negative =

A

Red / pink

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9
Q

Binary replication occurs through what type of gene transfer

A

vertical

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10
Q

Acquisition replication occurs through what type of gene transfer

A

Horizontal

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11
Q

Ringworm // Atheletes foot // Aspergilliosis

are all what type of fungi

A

Fillamentous moulds

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12
Q

Microbiota definition

A

All organisms in a community

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13
Q

Microbiome

A

All genes present within microbiota

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14
Q

What type of bacteria is typical in mouth

what do they do that cause damage to teeth

A

Oral streptococci

sugars –> lactic acid

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15
Q

What type of bacteria are generally found in the large GI system

A

anaerobic = 95-99%

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16
Q

virulence

A

Degree to which can cause disease

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17
Q

Pneumococcal surface protein A does what

A

prevent complement mediated killing

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18
Q

Hyaluronidase + streptokinase do what that are released from s.pyogenes

A

break down BM to allow entry

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19
Q

90% of leg ulcers originate from what

A

Vascular cause

–> 70% venous cause

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20
Q

Where is the gaiter area of the leg?

A

-

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21
Q

Lopodermatosclerosis is what

A

Inflam. skin condition = increase in leukocytes = increased collagen production = Fibrosis of subcutaenous fat

22
Q

Aterial ulcers are most associated with what

A

PVD

23
Q

50% of pyoderma gangerenosum have what cause

A

dont have cause lol

24
Q

5 Cardinal signs

A

Heat / pain / swelling / redness / loss of function

25
Q

What type of protein production is found in Acute Inflam.

A

Excudate

26
Q

What two substances are generally found in Acute Inflam./

A

Histamine + NO

27
Q

What is thee type of movement that neutrophils use to enter BM

A

Amoeboid migration

28
Q

Histamine // PG // Leukotrines // Cytokines are all found in what?

A

Acute Inflam.

29
Q

Pyrexia in AI is caused by what

A

macrophages + polymorphs released cytokines => hypothalamus

30
Q

Microglia // Kupferr // osteoclasts are all type of what

A

Macrophages

31
Q

Granuloma definition

A

collection of activated epithelioid macrophages

32
Q

Type 1 is mediated by what?

What is associated with it

A

IgE + MC + Basophil degranulation = histamine release

Penicillin

33
Q

Type 2 is what?

What syndrome associated with it ?

A

IgG/M to against self / foreign antigen = > complement

Good pasture syndrome

34
Q

Type 3 is what?

what syndrome associated with it?

A

Immune complex deposition

SLE

35
Q

Type 4 is what?

What is associated with it?

A

Delayed type (T cell toxicicity)

Contact dermatitis (metals / TB / poison ivy)

36
Q

Tryptase is used as a marker for what

A

Anaphylaxis

37
Q

Chlorhexidine anaphylaxis causes what

A

Peri-op anaphylaxis

38
Q

Direct oral challenge involves what?

A

Giving drug despite them saying they are “allergic”

39
Q

What vitamins are stored in the liver

A

A D B12 Iron

40
Q

What zone hepatocytes contain drug metabolising hepatocytes

A

Zone 3

41
Q

Failure to detoxify nitrogenous compounds =>

A

Hepatic encephalopathy => Coma

42
Q

What are the 2 major pathways involved in paracetamol excretion

A

Sulphate + Glucuronide Conjugation

43
Q

CYP2E1 + CYP1A2 form what toxic metabolite when breaking down paracetamol

A

NAPQI

44
Q

N-Acetyl cysteine is used in what?

What does it bind to?

A

Paracetamol overdose

-> Broken down to glutathione to bind to NAPQI

45
Q

primary granulomatous disease that affects the intestines

A

Crohns

46
Q

Is the spleen a secondary lymph organ

A

yes

47
Q

Thymic aplasia leading to lack of T-cells

A

DiGeorge

48
Q

In a healthy individual, an area of the body in where you would likely detect colonisation with
Staphylococcus aureus?

A

nose

49
Q

Type III hypersensitivity disease affecting kidneys

A

nephritis

50
Q

CCP is seen as an AB for what disease

A

RA

yr2 EMS (5 decks)

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