2. Genetic + Environmental Disease Flashcards
What is an atheroma
lesion that protrudes into vessel wall
an arterial thrombus is mainly what
platelets
what is given for arterial thrombus
Anti-platelets
Clopidogrel
Venous thrombus is mainly what
fibrin
what is given for venous thrombus
anti-coagulants
Heparin/warfarin
Is a clot attched to vessel wall?
no
In ischaemia what is impaired
oxygen + metabolites impaired
What type of blood supply is resistant to infarction
dual blood supply
How long does the brain have
3-4 minutes
Coagulative necrosis occurs why
enzymes cant break down cell structure
liquefactive necrosis is generally seen where
brains
red infarctions occurs where
dual bloody supply
–> Lungs / Testis / Ovary / Small Intestine
white infarction occurs where
single blood supply
-> Heart / Kidney / Spleen
reperfusion injury occurs why
generation of ROS and activation of complement
shock is always caused by what
mean arterial pressure reduction
what type of infarction can occur without acute coronary occlusion
subendocardial MI
what 5 blood marks are found post MI
Troponins LDH Creatine Kinase MB Myoglobin Aspartate Transaminase
Treatment of MI (4)
M
O
N
A
Morphine Oxygen Nitrates Aspirin
Labile Cell populations have what type of turn over rate?
Where can they be found?
High
Epithelia
Stable Quiescent Cell populations have what type of turn over rate?
Where can they be found (2)
Low but can be increased
Liver / Renal Tubules
Permanent cell populations can be found where (2)?
Neurons // Striated muscle cells
What prevents cells from growing over eachother in healing and in normal processes?
Contact Inhibition
1st Intention Healing leads to what?
Full healing
2nd Intention Healing leads to what
Extensive scarring
During fracture healing, what is formed first which is organised?
What is formed after this?
Haematoma
Callus formation
Callus formation is placed down by what? What type of organisation is this new bone?
Osteoblasts
Wooven Disorganised bone
What replaces callus bone?
Lamellar bone
What is the most common type of necrosis
Coagulative
Liquefactive necrosis typically occurs because of (2)?
Bacterial / Fungal
The main cause of caseous necrosis is what?
TB
Fibrinoid necrosis is generally caused by what?
Autoimmune diseases
gangrene is necrosis with …. of the tissues
putrefaction
45, XX, -18 chromosome
Monosomy
common genetic variant (1% or more)
Polymorphisms
aneuploidy examples (2)
Klinefelter // Turner
earliest lesion in atherosclerosis
Fatty streak
type of translocation in which two acrocentric chromosomes are fused
Robertsonian
RH HF due to lung disease
Cor Pulmonae
What is found as a splice site at the 5’ boundary of tall but the first exon in a gene
Acceptor
type of mutation that leads to amino acid substitution
Missense
Achondroplasia is a mutation of what
380 of fibroblast GF receptor 3 (FGFR3)
