3. Growth and Development Flashcards
What are the main childhood objectives?
Grow Develop Attain optimal health Develop independence Be safe Be cared for Be involved
YouTube video about child development
10-12 minutes, episode two David yegoman. Was a BBC documentary now on YouTube
Where can you see more details about the child’s development?
Can see on learning guide, the tables that teach you about 6 months, twelve months, 18 months and two years
What are the key motor milestones
Smiling- week 8
Sitting up- 6 months
Steps- 12 months
First words/talking- 18 months
What influences your ability to reach these developmental milestones
DNA
Society
Detrimental factors (antenatal, post natal, trauma)
Gender
What antenatal things might affect a child?
Infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella)
Toxins (alcohol, smoking, anti-epileptics)
What post natal things may affect a child?
Infection Toxins Malnutrition Trauma Metabolic Maltreatment Maternal mental health
What children do you assess developmentally?
Assess all children at 6 months and 2 and a half years, mostly done by parents/grandparents.
Specific groups (premature,syndromes, adverse events) are specifically followed up
What are some useful tools of assessing development in clinic?
Use small bricks for gripping,passing between hands, throwing (1 year)
Crayons (back and forth, round and round, circles and squares)
Balls are good for gross motor skills (go and get ball, jump ball,kick,throw)
Teacup and tea set- (pass cup to mum, give dad spoon)
Can use mobile phones to see
What are the different development categories?
Cognitive Fine motor Gross motor Social (Speech)
What are some red flags?
Loss of skills Vision/ hearing Head growth Low muscle tone No speech by 18 months Asymmetry Not walking by 18 months
What are the different levels of childhood development?
Neonate (<4w) Infant (12w/1y) Pre school (2-5yr) School age Teenager/adolescent
What is child health screening?
Predominantly primary care, child health programme based on healthy life
Health promotion Developmental screening Immunisation Parental observations crucial Record, advise and refer
Explain the pre planned health checks that occur in the child review process
New born spot screening New born hearing screen Health visitor visit 6-8 week review 27 month review Schedule vision check
What occurs at the 6-8 week health check?
ID Feeding Parental concerns Developmental Measurements Examination (hearts, hips, testes, genitalia, femoral pulses, eyes (red eye reflex)
What occurs at the 2 year review?
ID Social, behavioural, attention and emotion Communication, speech and language Gross and fine motor Vision and hearing Physical measurements Other medical issues
What are the important points surrounding vaccines?
Chronological age (don’t correct for premature)
No live vaccines if child is immunocompromised
Egg allergy is not a contraindication to MMR
Postponed if unwell
Different schedules in different countries
Expect mild temp, discomfort
What three measurements do you make in children to assess wellbeing?
Weight
Length (2 years) height (after 2)
Head circumference
What causes failure to thrive (weight faltering)
Feeding issues (technique , supply) Growth syndrome Inadequate care Prematurity Disease
Wee kid, blood in stool, diagnosis?
Allergy to milk proteins
What diseases can cause failure to thrive?
Congenital lung disease Heart disease Liver disease Renal disease Infection Anaemia CF Thyroid Crohns/IBD Malignancy
What can cause excessive nutrient loss?
GORD Pyloric stenosis Gastroenteritis Food allergy Diarrhoea Pancreatic insufficiency
What is the plan for investigating failure to thrive?
Excellent flow chart at the end of the lecture!
