22. Nutrition

Question 1

What are the different phases of childhood?

Answer 1

Neonate <4 weeks
Infant <12m/1y
Toddler 1-2 years
Pre-school (2-5 years)
School age
Teenager adolescent

Question 2

How are the phases of growth lead in a child?

Answer 2

Infant nutrition led
Child- growth hormone led
Pubertal- sex steroid led

Question 3

How much is of a babies body weight is fat?

Answer 3

10-16% is fat

Question 4

Why do infants need energy?

Answer 4

Physical activity
Thermogenesis
Tissue maintenance
Growth

Question 5

What are an infanst protein and energy demands?

Answer 5

Infants 100kcal and 2g/protein/Kg/day

Question 6

Why is breast feeding favourable in infants?

Answer 6

Well tolerated
Less allergenic
Low renal solute
Ca:PO4, iron, LCP, FA's
improves cognitive development
Reduces infection

Question 7

What are the benefits of formula?

Answer 7

No transition of BBV/drugs
Accurate feed volumes
Dont need a mum
Provides vitamin K
Less jaundice

Question 8

What formula can be given to preterm babies?

Answer 8

SMA gold prem 1

Question 9

How do babies with cows milk allergy present?

Answer 9

General unsettlements

GI problems

Question 10

What is the first line choice for babies with cows milk allergy?

Answer 10

Feed an extensively hydrolysed protein, 90% will react

Second line will be amino acid based feeds. Used for babies with severe colitis, emteropaghy, symptoms of breast milk. These are over prescribed and expensive

Question 11

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 11

Uncommon in babies, reduced levels of lactase

Treat with reassurance

Question 12

Why are soya milks discouraged in children?

Answer 12

Cross react with cows milk

Question 13

How much calcium is in full fats cows milk?

Answer 13

Need three helpings of milk per day for adequate calcium requirements

Full fat cows milk- 65kcal/100ml and 120mg calcium/100ml

Question 14

What is weaning?

When do you know a child is ready to be weaned?

Answer 14

Transition from milk based diet to food

Can recognise when they can hold there head up and start putting things up to their mouth

Smooth purée, veg, meat
Lumps, fingers food 6-7 months
Cup from 7 months

Question 15

Why do kids still present with rickets?

Answer 15

Mother who have delayed weaning and how low vitamin D
Insufficient wavelengths from the sun between September and April
Diet is a poor source

Buy OTC supplements
Give chewy ones to kids