17.1 Infectious Diseases In Children 2 Flashcards
Discuss streptococci
Gram positive cocci
Treated with penicillin
No resistance
Discuss staphylococci
Gram positive
Treated with flucloxacillin
Resistance issues I.e. MRSA
What is scarlet fever? (Scarlatina)
How do you treat?
Strep A infection- strep pyogenes
Peaks at around February
Presents with malaise, fever, pharyngitis and white spots In viral infection but in strep A Scarlett fever it keeps going
Typically occurs in children between 3 and 9 years old
Treatment in penicillin 10 days
What happens in progressive Scarlett fever?
Presents with malaise, fever, pharyngitis and white spots
Rash, protected around the peri-orbital are
Strawberry tongue, cracked lip, stinky breath
Shedding of the hands and feet
What are the complications of a group A strep infection?
Impiteigo (golden crusty rash) Erysipelas- cellulitis of the face Necrotising fasciitis Coca Cola coloured urine Rheumatic fever
What do staph aureus infections cause?
Staph scaulded skin syndrome Toxic shock syndrome Impetigo Cellulite A infected eczema Ulceration Staph scalded skin syndrome
What is impetigo?
Highly contagious,
Golden scores and blister, no systemic symptoms
What is staphylococcus scalded shock syndrome
Mostly kids under 5
Fever, widespread redness, fluid filled blisters
Ruptures easily especially in skin folds
Occurs usually after a burn
What is toxic shock syndrome?
Systemically unwell
Widespread redness, desquamination, multi organ involvement, can be rapidly fatal
What is Kawasaki’s disease?
Self limited vasculitis and medium sized arteries.
Regularly reported in Japanese and Hawaiian ethical groups. Increased risk in siblings and twins
Made through clinical diagnosis through the symptoms
What are the symptoms of Kawasaki’s disease (6 symptoms)
5 day unremitting fever Swollen fingers/ toes Cracked lips Blood shot eyes Rash Swollen glands
How do you treat Kawasaki’s disease?
Aim to prevent complications (coronary aneurysms)
Immunoglobulins and aspirin (reduce inflammation)
Other immunosuppressive agents
Cardiology assessment
What is henoch schonlein purpura?
Patches of rashes on the leg. Typically on extensor areas Doesn’t have a fever Palpable purpura Sometime joint and swellings Type of vasculitis
What is an erythematous maculopapulous rash?
Red patchy rash
Red and flat
What infections cause an erythematous maculopapulous rashes?
Measles Rubella Enterovirus Cytomegalovirus Human herpes virus 6 Human herpes virus 7 Parvovirus B19 Epstein Barr virus
What is a vesiculobullous rash?
Small fluid/puss filled
Bigger fluid containing areas
What infections have a vesiculobullous rash
Varicella zoster
Herpes simplex
Enterovorus
What is a petichial and purpuric rash?
Purpura- small heamorrhage into the skin, mucous membrane or serosal surface
Petichea-circular non raised patches that are less than 5cm large
What causes a peticheal and purpurous rash
Enterovirus
Congenital rubella
Congenital cytomegalovirus
What is chicken pox?
A varicella zoster virus infection
What is the typical presentation of a varicella virus infection? (Chickenpox)
Incubation 10-21 days
End up with slight fever, malaise and large widespread rashes for 5-7 days
Vesicles—> pustules—> custea
Usually occurs around school age
Doesn’t do so well in young children (under 1 year) and adults.
What are the complications of chickenpox?
Secondary strep/staph infections skin (10-15%)
Meningoendephaligis
Cerebellitis
Athritis
What is the treatment of chicken pox?
Prevent- vaccine
Therapy- aciclovir typically for immunosuppressed people
Generally supportive management
What are some poor prognostic factors of chicken pox?
High fever
New lesions after day 10
Inflamed lesions
General malaise
What are the symptoms of herpes simplex virus infections?
Mouth sores
Finger sores
What are the complications of HSV?
Keratoconjuctibitus
Encephalitis
Systemic neonatal infections
Immunocompromised children at risk
What is eczema herpeticum?
Infection asssociated with the herpes virus. Can make children very unwell and cause encephalitis
