3 gluteal + posterior thigh

Question 1

Gluteus minimus and medius

attachment, insertion, function, innervation

Answer 1

minimus: between anterior and inferior gluteal line –> anterior surface of the Greater trochanter
medius: between anterior and posterior gluteal line –> lateral Greater trochanter

abduct lower limb at the hip joint, medial rotation using anterior fiber

reduce pelvic drop over the opposite swing limb during walking by securing the position of the pelvis on the stance limb.

innervated by superior gluteal nerve

Question 2

Trendelenburg’s sign

Answer 2

weak or paralyzed gluteus medius/minimus due to damage to superior gluteal nerve (in the case of pelvic fracture)

Test: ask patient to stand on one limb, pelvis severely drops over the swing limb

Question 3

Movement of gluteus maximus, innervation

Answer 3

extend the thigh while
stabilizing the knee and hip joint through its insertion to iliotibial tract
assist from sitting to standing
assist lateral rotation of the thigh

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 4

What are the causes for Trendelenburg’s sign?

Answer 4

gluteal inhibiton (painful hip joint)
gluteal paralysis (e.g. polio muscle wasting, damage of superior gluteal nerve

Question 5

Short rotator muscles of hip

name of muscels and movement

Answer 5

piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris

laterally rotate the extended thigh
abduct the flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum

Question 6

Intragluteal injection

Answer 6

upper lateral quadrant to avoid hitting the sciatic nerve

Question 7

Application of dermatome testing

Answer 7

detect injury of spinal nerve

anesthesiology: see if epidural block has effectively blocked the desired nerve

Question 8

Dermatome for L2, L3, S1

Answer 8

L2 lateral thigh
L3 medial thigh
S1 little toe

Question 9

Hamstring muscles

Answer 9

From ischial tuberosity to medial tibia
Semimembranosus 
Semitendinosus
From ischial tuberosity/linea aspera to head of fibula
biceps femoris

Question 10

Artery supply to semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Answer 10

1. inferior gluteal a.
2. popliteal a.
3. perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery

Question 11

Nerve innervation of hamstring

Answer 11

Sciatic nerve (all tibial division except short head of biceps femoris)

Question 12

Posterior compartment of leg

muscles and insertion

Answer 12

Gastrocnemius forms Achilles tendon that insert into calcaneus