Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Politics > 3- Global Governance: Human Rights > Flashcards

3- Global Governance: Human Rights Flashcards

1
Q

Human Rights: Origins of international law and its adherence/trials

A
  • adherence to based upon the principle of reciprocity- if an NS obeys so will rest
  • nuclear proliferation of weapons
  • Nuremberg trials 1945
  • trials established HR approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Universal declaration of HR

A
  • universal inherence: everyone is born w
  • law: conflicts must be resolved with law
  • 1966 - international covenant civil, exonomic, social and cultural rights
  • UN commission of HR 1993
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NGO’s and their Roles

A
  • amnesty international
  • red cross/HR watch/save the children
  • use internet to cover HR crises
  • HR watch publishes annual report
  • monitors countries track record
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

International court of Justice

A
  • established in 1945 under UN charter
  • 15 judges
  • Article 94: UN says all members must comply w court
  • if no comply UN can take to UNSC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ICJ Successes

A
  • 1986 - border dispute Burkina/Mali
  • 1992 - el Salvador and Honduras
  • 2002: Nigeria and Cameroon dispute over oil peninsula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ICJ weaknesses

A
  • cannot initiate causes has to be presented by states
  • UNSC - 5 memb can veto/no pass
  • only prosecutes Africa not west
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ICJ Failures - more examples

A
  • 1984 - USA refused to accept of Nicaragua and the contra rebels
  • 2012 - Columbia would no longer recog rulings of ICJ
  • 2015 - Japan continued whaling near Australia despite ruling
  • realists : nothing more powerful than NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

UN and special tribunals

A
  • war of 1990’s ie. Rwanda/Bosnia
  • UNSC authorised 4 tribunals
  • aims: bring justice/try the HOS, develop liberal ideas/broadcast horrors of war
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples

A
  • Bosnian genocide - 1992 - Radovan Karadzic/scentenced 40 yrs/ 83 convictd
  • cambodia 1975-79/ 1997 tribunal
  • Rwandan genocide - 1994 against Tutsi ppl /61 ppl convicted
  • sierra lonne - 2002 special court/50k killed/ imprisoned for 25yrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Limitations of international tribunals

A
  • Nuremberg Trials only prosecuted Germany- not USA hiroshima/nagasaki- 100k killed and generational effects
  • neocolonialism- only in Africa?
  • saddam hussein never tried by hanged
  • 2016 - china refused to attend tribunal in phillipines about shoal isl expnasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

International criminal court 1998

A
  • court of last resort
  • ratified by 124 states
  • 2012 congolese warlord 14 yrs/HR abus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ICC limitations

A
  • only 120 voted in favour -lacks global scope
  • China,Russia,USA dont accept ruling on internal affairs
  • no coercive power of its own
  • institutionally rasict as only Africa indicted - Sudan/Kenya refused to coop
  • big countries undermine ct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ECHR - European Convention of Human Rights

A
  • established jn 1959
  • compliance w 90% of judgements
  • condemned abuses Russia(Chechnya)
  • holds EU states to accounts
  • can be sanctioned if not compliant
  • NS are sovereign can ignore rule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HR and Sovereignty

A
  • realists - state determines HR extent
  • liberals - HR is universal
  • UNHCR is soft law as no military/sov
  • Israel continued to build settlements in occupied territory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Accountability of the state

A
  • Russia ICC 2016 withdraw frm treaty
  • USA Guantanamo Bay - 33 still there - 27 never charged held for 20+ yrs/ made outside of law - promise by pres to abolish but not done
  • china - minorities in Uyghurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Humanitarian intervention

A
  • international community must intervene to protect HR
  • Gulf war - UNSC passed res to kill Saddam w/o trial/ Kuwait
  • Somalia - 1992 28k troops sent to end starvation
17
Q

Humanitarian intervention: Succeses

A
  • Kosovo - 50k NATO troops to help
  • East Timor wanted indep from Indonesia/ ref 78% so gained indep
  • Blair sent military to vacate foreign nationals / Sierra Lonne - pres Charles Taylor convicted of war crimes
18
Q

Humanitarian intervention: Failures

A
  • Somalia 1992- troops seen as occupying force
  • Afghanistan 2001-20/2016 chilcot enq.
  • Iraq War - no WMD
  • Libya failed state - ISIS
19
Q

Violation of human rights

A
  • Kashmir: 11000 women raped by Indian officials
  • China/Uyghur genocide
  • Iraq, Falkland, Chaco all oil wars
20
Q

USA HR council

A
  • Withdrew from UN council of Human Rights

- Trump quit ‘biased’ council

21
Q

USA violation of rights

A
  • Guantanamo Bay prison - 39 still held with 27 never charged with a crime/made ‘outside’ of the law in Cuba/Waterboarding methods of torture employed
  • Obama ‘sad chapter in US history’
  • Ilegall airstrikes in Syria 2008
  • Iraq war - 1 mil
  • 12 mil indigenous ppl killed
22
Q

Nuclear

A
  • Hiroshima
  • Nagasaki
  • led to radiation induced cancers/mutations
  • Taiwanese government built a nuclear waste disposal site on the Island without the awareness of the indigenous people in 1982 on Orchid island

Politics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions