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Organ Histology > 3: Glands of Digestion > Flashcards

3: Glands of Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the gallbladder found?

A

small organ, inferior to liver

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2
Q

Where does the cystic duct connect to the gallbladder?

A

to the narrow neck

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3
Q

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

A

store bile

concentrate bile

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4
Q

What is hepatic bile?

A

PRIMARY BILE from the liver

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5
Q

What is cystic bile?

A

concentrated bile from the gallbladder

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6
Q

How is bile release controlled?

A

CCK and the Vagus nerve

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7
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the gallbladder?

A

simple columnar

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8
Q

What are the cell types found in the surface epithelium of the gallbladder?

A

Clear cells and Brush cells

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9
Q

What are the clear cells of the gallbladder?

A

CHOLANGIOCYTES
have many microvilli
fxn: concentrate bile, absorbs water

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10
Q

What are the brush cells of the gallbladder?

A

few in number

fxn: produce mucinogen

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11
Q

What is the lamina propria of the gallbladder like?

A

loose and very vascular ct

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12
Q

What kind of cells are found in the lamina propria of the gallbladder’s neck?

A

small mucus glands: lubricates the narrow neck lumen

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13
Q

Is the muscularis mucosa present in the gallbladder?

A

no

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14
Q

What is unique about the gallbladder’s submucosa?

A

ABSENT!!!!!!****

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15
Q

What is the patterning of the muscularis externa of the gallbladder?

A

NOT normal: thin smooth muscle layer w/ a disorganized muscle arrangement

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16
Q

What is the gallbladder’s serosa/adventitia arrangement?

A

MOSTLY serosa but some adventitia where is attaches to the liver

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17
Q

What is the endocrine pancreas?

A

“pancreatic islets” “islets of Langerhans”

produces hormones

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18
Q

What is the exocrine pancreas?

A

SEROUS ACINI producing digestive enzymes

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19
Q

What is the largest portion of the pancreas?

A

exocrine portion

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20
Q

How are the serous (pancreatic) acini controlled for secretion?

A

CCK and acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves

secreted in response to food

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21
Q

How are the pancreatic ducts controlled for secretion?

A

secretes: H2O and HCO3

Controlled by: SECRETIN and acetylchoine from parasympathetic nerves

22
Q

Where are centroacinar cells found in the pancreatic ducts?

A

located next to the acinar cells

23
Q

What do the CENTROACINAR CELLS and cuboid cells produce?

A

in the intercalated pancreatic ducts they produce an ALKALINE FLUID w/ large amounts of bicarbonate ions

24
Q

Where is the alkaline fluid and bicarbonate ions released into?

A

the duodenum to buffer stomach chyme

25
Q

What is the function of the collagen-rich ct of the pancreatic ducts?

A

wraps the ducts: provides extra protection from the possible leakage of digestive enzymes

26
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

27
Q

What are the general functions of the liver?

A

metabolism; production of blood proteins, factors, non-essential vitamins; detox blood; produce hepatic (primary) bile (exocrine fxn); store certain vitamins (vit. A & B12)

28
Q

Why are the hexagonal shaped lobules of the liver hard to distinguish in humans?

A

due to lack of CT between lobules

29
Q

What is the primary cell type in the liver?

A

hepatocytes

30
Q

What are hepatocytes?

A

microvilliated cuboidal cells possessing lateral bile canaliculi between adjacent hepatocytes

31
Q

What do the bile canaliculi do?

A

they collect bile

32
Q

What is the flow of bile through the liver?

A

bile moves from the hepatocytes towards the bile duct branch in the portal triad

33
Q

What is another name for Kupffer cells?

A

stellate macrophages

34
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

resident macrophages

35
Q

What do Kumpffer cells develope from?

A

monocytes

36
Q

What is the function of Kumpffer cells?

A

phagocytosis of debris & aged RBC’s; act as an APC

37
Q

What are Ito cells?

A

hepatic stellate cells

38
Q

What is the function of Ito cells?

A

store lipids for immediate use; store vit. A; produce collagen I, III, IV and growth factors

39
Q

What are pit cells in the liver?

A

natural killer cells (immune fxn)

40
Q

What are hepatic progenitor cells?

A

likely present; responsible for regenerative capabilities

ALLOWS LIVER TRANSPLANT

41
Q

What is included in the portal triads?

A

branches of the:
hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct

42
Q

What are hepatic sinusoids?

A

dilated, fenestrated thin walled vessels found between the rows of hepatocytes; carry a mix of venous (75%) and atrial blood (25%)

43
Q

What is the central vein of the liver?

A

fenestrated thin walled vessel that collects blood from the hepatic sinusoids

44
Q

What is the flow of the blood through the liver?

A

blood flows from the portal triad towards the central vein

45
Q

What is another name for the space of disse?

A

Parisinusoidal space

46
Q

What is the space of disse?

A

space between the hepatocytes and the fenestrated hepatic sinusoids

47
Q

What is the function of the space of disse?

A

It allows direct contact of blood with the hepatocytes and they slow the blood flow down for interaction
ALLOWS LIVER TO TAKE OVER FOR SPLEEN ~24-48 hrs

48
Q

What is glisson’s capsule?

A

surrounds the liver, covered with serosa

49
Q

What is glisson’s capsule made of?

A

dense irregular CT

50
Q

Can other CT be found in the human liver?

A

no, it’s limited

Organ Histology (5 decks)

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