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01. MCM Test 1 > 3. Fundamentals of Nutrition > Flashcards

3. Fundamentals of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What does Vitamin A do for the epithelium?

A

Regulates transcription by binding to intracellular zinc fingers, and causes normal differentiation of cells into specialized tissue.

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2
Q

What can cause Folate deficiency? (2)

A

Alcoholism

Pregnancy

Drugs (Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, Methotrexate)

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3
Q

What four important functions does Ascorbate (Vitamin C) perform?

A
  1. Collagen Synthesis
  2. Iron Absorbtion in GI tract
  3. Dopamine -> Norepinephrine
  4. Antioxidant
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4
Q

What are the four mentioned clinical manefestations of Pyridoxine deficiency?

A
  1. Sideroblastic Anemia (Cannot bind iron to heme, so you have unfinished blood cells)
  2. Cheilosis/Stomatitis
  3. Intertrigo
  4. Convulsions
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5
Q

What are the two B Vitamins, the deficiency of which can cause Homocysteinemia?

A

Folate, Cobalamin

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6
Q

What happens to the fetus if the mother becomes Folate deficient?

A

Neural tube defects such as Spina Bifida

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7
Q

What sort of reactions use Folate?

A

One-Carbon transfer (methylation) reactions.

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8
Q

What are the clinical presentations of Folate deficiency? (2+3)

A
  • Megaloblastic Anemia
  • Homocysteinemia
    • CVD, DVT, Thromboembolism, Stroke
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9
Q

What can cause Thiamine deficiency?

A

Alcoholism. It interferes with absorption

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10
Q

What interesting thing can cause Biotin deficiency?

A

Excessive raw egg consumption. Contains Avidin, which binds biotin.

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11
Q

What are the clinical manefestations of Cobalamin deficiency?

A
  • Megaloblastic Anemia
  • Neuropathies
  • Homocysteinemia
    • CVD, DVT, Stroke
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12
Q

What are the clinical manefestations of Biotin deficiency?

A
  1. Alopecia
  2. Rashes (seborrheic dermatits)
  3. Bowel Inflammation
  4. Muscle Pain
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13
Q

What converts Homocysteine to Methionine?

A

Cobalamin

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14
Q

What can cause a deficiency in every fat-soluable vitamin?

A

Fat malabsorption and liver cirrhosis

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15
Q

What are the clinical manefestations of Ascorbate deficiency? (7)

A
  1. Poor wound healing
  2. Bruising easily
  3. Painful glossitis
  4. Perifollicular hemorrage
  5. Bleeding Gums
  6. Increased bleeding time
  7. Anemia
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16
Q

What causes Cobalamin deficiency? (4)

A
  • Pernicious Anemia
  • Long-Term Vegitarian Diet
  • Resection of the Terminal Ileum
  • Chronic Pancreatitis
17
Q

Pantothenate is a part of what important coenzyme?

A

Coenzyme-A (CoA)

18
Q

What is Pyridoxine primarily responsible for?

A

Aminotransferase Reactions (ALT and AST, both of which are markers of Liver Disease)

19
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of Niacin deficiency and related Sx?

A

Pellagra: Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatits, Death

(The 4 D’s of Pellagra)

20
Q

What are the three mentioned clinical manifestations of Riboflavin deficiency?

A
  1. Corneal Neovascularization
  2. Cheilosis Stomatitis
  3. Magenta colored tongue.

(Think eyes and mouth: R-eye-bo flavor-in)

21
Q

What is Biotin used as?

A

Cofactor for Carboxylation enzymes

22
Q

What are the clinical manefestations of Vitamin A deficiency? (3+2)

A

(Eyes)

  • Night Blindness
  • Metaplasia of corneal epithelium
  • Xeropthalmia

(Epithelium)

  • Follicular hyperkeratosis
  • Frequent infections
23
Q

What is Riboflavin mostly involved in?

A

Redox reactions

24
Q

What is Niacin synthesized from?

A

Tryptophan

25
Q

What can cause Pyridoxine deficiency?

A

Isoniazid therapy

26
Q

What are the two major functions of Vitamin A?

A
  1. Vision
  2. Epithelium Maintenance
27
Q

What two things is Pantothenate responsible for primarily?

A

Acylation and Acetylation (Think CoA)

28
Q

What are the three main functions of Vitamin D?

A
  1. GI: Calcium binding protien synthesis and phosphate absorption
  2. Kidneys: Calcium reabsorption and phosphate secretion
  3. Bone: Acts on Osteoblast receptors, activates Osteoclasts, and causes bone resorption.
29
Q

What converts Methylmalonyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA?

A

Cobalamin

01. MCM Test 1 (10 decks)

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