3: Epithelial Border Modifications & Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial junctions

A

most part of the junctional complex located on the lateral border of epithelial cells

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2
Q

Tight junctions

A

outer membrane of neighboring cells is fused, sealing the intercellular space from the lumen

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3
Q

3 types of cytoskeletal linked junctions

A
  1. adherent junction
  2. desosomes
  3. hemidesmosomes
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4
Q

Adherent junction

A

forms an adhesion belt near apical surface beneath tight junction, membranes not totally fused but plasma proteins (anchored by actin filaments) interact with each other

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5
Q

Cadherins

A

the plasma proteins in adherent junctions

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6
Q

Terminal bar

A

tight junction and adherent junction

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7
Q

Desmosomes

A

similar to adherent junction but not located near the lateral luminal surface and have extracellular filaments which further anchor the membranes together

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8
Q

What cell types are desmosomes common in?

A

stratified squamous

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9
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

half a desmosome used to anchor the cell to the basal lamina

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10
Q

Gap juctions

A

proteins form a central pore between membranes to allow of electrical and chemical communication

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11
Q

What are microvilli composed of?

A

actin filaments

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12
Q

Microvilli purpose

A

increase surface area in absorptive epithelia

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13
Q

Striated border

A

microvilli in the gut

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14
Q

Brush border

A

microvilli in renal tubules

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15
Q

Stereocilia

A

branched microvilli found in the epididymis

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16
Q

What cell type are microvilli commonly found on?

A

simple columnar

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17
Q

What are cilia composed of?

A

microtubules

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18
Q

T/F: Cilia use ATP

A

T

19
Q

What tracts are cilia commonly found in?

A

respiratory and reproductive

20
Q

What cell types are cilia usually found on?

A

pseudostratified columnar

21
Q

Glands

A

specialized epithelial cells modified into secretory structures that produce a variety of products for extracellular use

22
Q

Unicellular glands

A

single secretory cell

23
Q

What is the most common unicellular gland?

A

goblet cells

24
Q

Where are goblet cells commonly found?

A

respiratory and GI tracts

25
Q

What do goblet cells secrete?

A

mucopolysaccharides

26
Q

Multicellular glands

A

an accumulation of specialized secretory cells

27
Q

Endocrine glands

A

ductless glands that have lost their original embryonic connections to the epithelial surface form which they originated

28
Q

T/F: Endocrine glands have junctions and polarity

A

T

29
Q

Exocrine glands

A

maintain a communication (duct) within the surface epithelium

30
Q

Simple exocrine glands

A

ducts do not branch

31
Q

Adenomeres

A

secretory end pieces of simple exocrine glands

32
Q

How are simple exocrine glands classified?

A

tubular, coiled, or acinar

33
Q

Where are simple exocrine glands usually found?

A

within an organ

34
Q

Compound exocrine glands

A

have elaborate branching duct systems

35
Q

How are compound exocrine glands classified?

A

tubular, acinar, or tubuloalveolar

36
Q

Where are compound exocrine glands found?

A

they are discrete anatomic structures or organs themselves

37
Q

4 types of secretion

A
  1. serous
  2. mucous
  3. mixed
  4. lipid
38
Q

Serous secretion

A

water secretion with rounded nuclei near base of the cell and secretory granules at the apex

39
Q

Mucous secretion

A

viscous secretion of polysaccharides where the nuclei are flattened near the base and the cytoplasm is pale-stained

40
Q

Mixed secretion

A

a combination of both serous and mucous secretory units found in the same gland

41
Q

Lipid secretion

A

lipid secretion such as milk, sebum, cerumen

42
Q
A
43
Q

What is the most common mode of secretion?

A

merocrine

44
Q

Merocrine

A

loss of secretory product only by exocytosis