1: Nerve Tissue

Question 1

Nissl bodies

Answer 1

clumps of darkly stained rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes in cytoplasm of cell body

Question 2

Neurophil

Answer 2

composed of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, and glial cells

Question 3

Epineurium

Answer 3

connective tissue layer that surrounds a nerve

Question 4

Perineurium

Answer 4

connective tissue surrounding a nerve fascicle

Question 5

Endoneurium

Answer 5

connective tissue surrounding a nerve fiber

Question 6

Lemmocyte

Answer 6

cell of the PNS that produces the lipid-rich layer called myelin

Question 7

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 7

cell of CNS that produces myelin

Question 8

3 components of a chemical synapse

Answer 8

1. presynaptic nerve terminals
2. synaptic cleft
3. postsynaptic element

Question 9

What is the NT of excitatory synapses?

Answer 9

glutamate

Question 10

What is the NT of inhibitory synapses?

Answer 10

GABA or glycine

Question 11

Microtubules

Answer 11

large diameter cytoskeletal elements that provide a track-like system for transporting materials to and from the cell body

Question 12

Neurofilaments

Answer 12

smaller diameter intermediate filaments that provide structural support along the axon but also are transported to and from the cell body

Question 13

Anterograde

Answer 13

transport that moves materials toward the presynaptic terminals

Question 14

Retrograde

Answer 14

transport that moves materials toward cell body

Question 15

What motor protein does anterograde use?

Answer 15

kinesin

Question 16

What motor protein does retrograde use?

Answer 16

dynein

Question 17

Meninges

Answer 17

protective membranes surrounding the brain and SC

Question 18

Dura mater

Answer 18

outermost, thickest layer

Question 19

Arachnoid mater

Answer 19

middle layer, webbing

Question 20

Pia mater

Answer 20

innermost, thinnest layer

Question 21

Denticulate ligaments

Answer 21

extensions of pia mater that support the SC

Question 22

Subarachnoid space

Answer 22

space between arachnoid and pia containing CSF

Question 23

Dorsal roots

Answer 23

axons of sensory neurons that enter the dorsal horn

Question 24

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 24

groups of sensory cell bodies

Question 25

Satellite cells

Answer 25

neuroganglia of the PNS that support cell bodies, regulate microenvironment, nutrients, protective

Question 26

Ventral roots

Answer 26

axons of motor neurons that exit the ventral horn

Question 27

Astrocytes

Answer 27

CNS cells with a role in blood-brain barrier, structural and metabolic support to neurons

Question 28

Microglia

Answer 28

immune cells of the CNS that become phagocytic

Question 29

What cells line the central canal?

Answer 29

ependymal cells

Question 30

Choroid plexus

Answer 30

ependymal cells in CNS near capillaries that produce CSF

Question 31

How many laters does cerebellum have?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Where are purkinje neurons found?

Answer 32

cerebellum

Question 33

Purkinje neurons function

Answer 33

assist in motor coordination

Question 34

How many layers does the cerebrum have?

Answer 34

6

Question 35

Where are the pyramidal tracts found?

Answer 35

cerebrum

Question 36

What makes up the pyramidal tracts?

Answer 36

pyramidall neurons

Question 37

What do the pyramidal tracts do?

Answer 37

voluntary motor control

Question 38

Degeneration

Answer 38

loss of functional activity of the axons, loss of myelination, interruption of axon

Question 39

Neuroma

Answer 39

can be traumatic or due to growth or tumors of neural tissue

Question 40

Meningioma

Answer 40

most common SC tumor in dogs derived from arachnoid layer