1: Introduction Flashcards
membranous organelles
mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes
non-membranous organelles
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles
Rough ER
site of synthesis of proteins that will be secreted from cell
Smooth ER
involved in synthesis of lipids (steroids), metabolism of lipid-soluble substances, and regulates the concentration of calcium in all cells
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles from rough ER
What 3 different pathways may the golgi apparatus transport a vesicle?
- to be secreted by exocytosis
- to be incorporated into the plasma membrane
- to a phagosome
Peroxisomes
membranous sacs containing powerful detoxifying substances that neutralize toxins; also play a role in fatty acid synthesis
Lysosomes
membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes
3 types of cytoskeleton
- microfilaments
- intermediate filaments
- microtubules
What makes up centrosomes?
microtubules
3 parts of a nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- nucleoli
- chromatin
Nuclear envelope is a ____ layer
double
2 major periods of cell cycle
interphase and cell division (mitotic phase)
3 sub-phases of interphase
G1, S, and G2
G1
gap 1: vigorous growth and metabolism
S (synthetic)
DNA replication occurs
G2: gap 2
preparation for division
Stages of mitosis
- interphase
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
Cell growth checkpoint
occurs towards the end of G1 and checks if cell is big enough for synthesis, if not it goes into resting period (GO)
DNA synthesis checkpoint
occurs during S phase and checks is DNA has been replicated correctly
Mitosis checkpoint
occurs during the M (Mitosis) phase, checks if mitosis is complete and then cell divides
