1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

membranous organelles

A

mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes

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2
Q

non-membranous organelles

A

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles

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3
Q

Rough ER

A

site of synthesis of proteins that will be secreted from cell

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4
Q

Smooth ER

A

involved in synthesis of lipids (steroids), metabolism of lipid-soluble substances, and regulates the concentration of calcium in all cells

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5
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

transport vesicles from rough ER

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6
Q

What 3 different pathways may the golgi apparatus transport a vesicle?

A
  1. to be secreted by exocytosis
  2. to be incorporated into the plasma membrane
  3. to a phagosome
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7
Q

Peroxisomes

A

membranous sacs containing powerful detoxifying substances that neutralize toxins; also play a role in fatty acid synthesis

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8
Q

Lysosomes

A

membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes

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9
Q

3 types of cytoskeleton

A
  1. microfilaments
  2. intermediate filaments
  3. microtubules
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10
Q

What makes up centrosomes?

A

microtubules

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11
Q

3 parts of a nucleus

A
  1. nuclear envelope
  2. nucleoli
  3. chromatin
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12
Q

Nuclear envelope is a ____ layer

A

double

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13
Q

2 major periods of cell cycle

A

interphase and cell division (mitotic phase)

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14
Q

3 sub-phases of interphase

A

G1, S, and G2

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15
Q

G1

A

gap 1: vigorous growth and metabolism

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16
Q

S (synthetic)

A

DNA replication occurs

17
Q

G2: gap 2

A

preparation for division

18
Q

Stages of mitosis

A
  1. interphase
  2. prophase
  3. metaphase
  4. anaphase
  5. telophase
19
Q

Cell growth checkpoint

A

occurs towards the end of G1 and checks if cell is big enough for synthesis, if not it goes into resting period (GO)

20
Q

DNA synthesis checkpoint

A

occurs during S phase and checks is DNA has been replicated correctly

21
Q

Mitosis checkpoint

A

occurs during the M (Mitosis) phase, checks if mitosis is complete and then cell divides