3. Endocrine 1 Flashcards
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Test for hypoparathyroidism / hypocalcemia.
Tap on the cheek and look for a twitch.
What is Trousseau’s sign?
Sign present in patients with hypoparathyroidism / hypocalcemia. Causes weird flexion of the hand and wrist when the blood pressure cuff is applied.
What is the most common cause of high parathyroid hormone?
MEN 1 syndrome (Tumors in Parathyroid Pancreas and Pituitary [3 P’s]).
What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia?
Renal / billiary stones
Bone pain
Abdominal pain and nausea
Polyuria
Depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, insomnia, and coma.
(Stones, bones, groans, thrones, and psych overtones)
What are the main causes of hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s (autoimmune)
Thyroiditis
Excessive iodine
Pituitary adenoma secreting TSH
What are the main sx of hyperthyroidism?
Fatigue
Hand tremors
Mood swings
Nervousness
High HR
Skin dryness
Weight loss
Increased BMs
Oligomenorrhea
Irritability
Thinning hair
Heat intolerance
Proptosis (aka exophthalmos)
What are the main causes of hypothyroidism?
Hashimotos
Lithium
Pregnancy
Treatment for hyperthyroidism (lol)
Thyroidectomy.
Sx for hypothyroidism?
Cold intolerance
Constipation
Fatigue
Pale dry skin
Elevated cholesterol
Dry, brittle nails and hair
Weight gain.
What are the primary sx of Addison’s disease?
Hyperpigmentation
Craving of salty foods
Hypotension
Muscle weakness and fatigue
Irritability
Hypoglycemia
Menstrual irregularities
What are some of the causes of Addison’s disease?
Autoimmune :(
TB
Stopping steriod meds
Surgical removal of ATCH producing tumors
Pituitary not secreting ACTH for whatever reason
What are the symptoms of Cushings Disease?
Excess cortisol in the body due to a pituitary tumor.
Cushing’s SYNDROME can have other causes.
What are the symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?
Moon shaped face.
Striae across the skin.
Buffalo hump.
Easy bruising.
Central obesity.
Hirsutism.
How do you perform a thyroid exam?
Thyroid exam:
- Locate the isthmus of the thyroid @ 2nd - 4th tracheal rings
- Have pt flex neck slightly to relax SCM
- Place fingers of both hands on pt’s neck so that index fingers lie just below the cricoid cartilage
- Have pt swallow to thyroid rises up
- Observe for contour & symmetry
- Displace trachea left & right.
- The anterior lateral lobe is approximately the size of the distal knuckle of the thumb and should feel somewhat rubbery
- If enlarged, listen to lateral lobes to detect bruit, which may be heard in hyperthyroidism or toxic multinodular goiter
