3 – Diagnostic Process Flashcards
1
Q
Diagnostic process
A
- Patient assessment
a. List of differentials - Pre-analytical
a. Specimens selected and tests chosen - Analytical
a. Preliminary report and secondary tests - Post-analytical
a. Final results and report
b. INTERPRETATION by vet
2
Q
Principals of Sampling
A
- Obtain sample and minimize contamination
- Collect sample at correct time
- Collect a sufficient quantity of sample
- Use appropriate collection device
- Handle/store sample appropriately
- Obtain cultures before administering antibiotics
- Make smears in addition to cultures
- Labeling is key
- Don’t put yourself or others in danger
3
Q
General principles of shipping
A
- Watertight primary container
- Absorbent material
- Watertight secondary container
- Sturdy outer packaging
4
Q
Susceptible
A
- high likelihood of clinical success when drug X is used according to the label indication
5
Q
Susceptibility Test Methods
A
- Categorical methods: whether it is susceptible or resistant
- Quantitative methods: yields an MIC
6
Q
MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration
A
- Describe how susceptible or resistant an organism is
- Lowest concentration of drug inhibiting bacterial growth
7
Q
Resistant
A
- clinical failure is predicted when drug X is used according to label indication
- Intrinsic: constitutive
- Acquired resistance: not inherent to the organism
8
Q
SPICE organisms
A
S: serratia
P: providentia
I: indole positive Proteae
C: Citrobacter
E: Enterobacter
*produce AmpC beta-lactamases
* Can become over-produced with therapy
* *avoid all beta-lactams
9
Q
- Intrinsic: constitutive
A
o Naturally resistant to drug (feature of the bacterial species)
o *high MICs (don’t use drug for therapy)
10
Q
- Acquired resistance: not inherent to the organism
A
o ‘superbugs’: have a gene or mutation which differentiates from wild-type
