Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BACTERIOLOGY > 19 – Pasteurellaceae > Flashcards

19 – Pasteurellaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Microbial characteristics

A
  • Small gram-negative rods
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Biocontainment level 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microbial characteristics: Pasteurella

A
  • non-hemolytic
  • strong INDOLE SMELL
  • ***safety pin morphology on Gram-stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microbial characteristic: Mannheimia and Bibersteinia

A
  • Hemolytic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Natural host or habitat

A
  • Part of normal microbiota
    o Oral cavity
    o Respiratory and intestinal tract
  • *Pasteurella multocida can survive for a YEAR in the environment
  • Other species: survive poorly outside the host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pasteurella multocida: virulence factors

A
  • PMT Toxin: cytotoxin/leukotoxin
  • Capsular polysaccharide: prevents phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mannheima haemolytica: virulence factors

A
  • LPS: stimulates cytokine release, microvascular necrosis
  • Leukotoxin: kills ruminants leukocytes (SPECIFIC TO CATTLE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 general categories of disease?

A
  • Respiratory
  • Sepsis
  • Trauma associated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shipping fever

A
  • Acute onset febrile illness
    o Bronchopneumonia
    o Fibrinous pleuropneumonia
  • *polymicrobial infections (including viruses)
    o Bovine respiratory disease complex
  • High morbidity in affected herds
  • High case fatality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polymicrobial infection in shipping fever (3 species)

A
  1. P. multocida
  2. M. haemolytica
  3. B. trehalose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Shipping fever is precipitated by other insults

A
  • Viral infection
  • Poor air quality
  • Long distance transport
  • Weaning (enzootic pneumonia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Shipping fever: what to do with affected animals and vaccinations

A
  • Isolate and treat affected animals: antimicrobials (macrolide type)
  • Vaccination: done on farm and can prevent disease in feedlot
    o *challenge as farmer pays, feedlot benefits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Haemorrhagic septicemia (cattle): P. multocida

A
  • Acute, rapidly fatal septicemia in cattle and buffalo
  • Seasonal disease (monsoon rains in Asia)
  • Caused by certain SEROTYPES of P. multocida
  • *infected through direct contact with carriers/infected or fomites
    o Carriers=maintain organism in herd
  • Not in Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Haemorrhagic septicemia characterized by

A
  • Fever
  • Dullness
  • Discharges from nose
  • Edematous swellings in gravity dependent sites (brisker and cervical region)
  • Respiratory distress followed by death within 24hrs of first signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of Haemorrhagic septicemia

A
  • Antibiotic therapy possible in EARLY stages
  • Vaccination possible
    o Commercially prepared
    o Bacterins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atrophic rhinitis (pigs): P. multocida

A
  • Caused by toxigenic P. multocida in association WITH Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Pathogenesis not completely understood
  • *transmitted between animals DIRECTLY
    o See outbreaks when purchasing new animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the current pathogenesis model for atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica causes damage, allowing P. multocida to proliferate
  • Toxins produced by P. multocida cause epithelial hypoplasia, atrophy of mucous glands, osteolysis
  • *ultimately results in atrophy of nasal turbinate’s and shrinking of snout
17
Q

Atrophic rhinitis (pigs) is characterized by

A
  • Excessive lacrimation, sneezing and epistaxis
  • Younger the piglet=more severe signs
  • Snout gradually atrophies
    o Shrinks, wrinkles, may deviate laterally
18
Q

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis (pigs) treatment

A
  • No magic bullet
  • *Improving management, vaccination, antimicrobials
19
Q

P. multocida in rabbits causes a constellation of diseases (5)

A
  1. Rhinitis: ‘snuffles’
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Conjuctivitis (weepy eye)
  4. Otitis media/interna (head tilt)
  5. Abscesses
20
Q

P. multocida (rabbits): ‘snuffles’

A
  • VERY common cause of infections
  • Highly contagious, transmitted through DIRECT contact
  • Clinical signs vary with site of infection (mild upper respiratory tract through to sepsis)
  • *healthy carriers are common: 30-90% of rabbits
21
Q

P. multocida (birds): Avian Cholera

A
  • Domestic and wild birds
    o Wildlife reservoir=need to have good biosecurity
  • Acute or chronic
  • Mortality can be very high (68%)
  • Isoaltes from pigs and cats may be pathogenic for birds
22
Q

P. multocida: Avian Cholera acute disease is characterized by

A
  • fulminant septicemia
  • often apparently sudden death within hours
23
Q

P. multocida: Avian Cholera chronic disease

A
  • follows acute disease when caused by LESS pathogenic stain
    o localized infections and swellings of joints and wattle seen (chickens)
    o dyspnea if respiratory involvement
  • *assumed to be source
24
Q

What is happening in outbreak situations of P. multocida: Avian Cholera?

A
  • Perpetuated by transmission from excretions from mouth
    o Fluids get into water and infect others
25
Q

P. multocida: Avian Cholera treatment

A
  • Immediately notifiable disease in Canada
  • Common in wildlife
  • *elsewhere=antimicrobials will be employed
26
Q

P. multocida (cats)

A
  • Infections in cats associated with bites, licks and scratches
    o Abscess in free roaming cats that fight
    o Common cause of pyothorax in cats
    o May play role in gigivostomatiis
  • *treatment relies on beta-lactam/inhibitor=amox+clavulanate
27
Q

P. multocida (humans)

A
  • Almost always CAT related
    o Found in mouths of 90% of healthy cats
  • *cat bites=number ONE cause
  • Can see non-traumatic cause
  • *important to treat quickly
28
Q

P. multocida (humans): non-traumatic cause

A
  • Wound infections and cellulitis most common
  • Bone and joint infections
  • Respiratory tract infections
  • Endocarditis
  • CNS infections
29
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum (birds)

A
  • Acute upper respiratory illness
  • Transmitted by droplets or aerosols
  • Production limiting disease (decreased egg production, increased carcass condemnations)
  • *chorionic infected birds=source
  • BIOSECURITY: all-in, all-out is important
30
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum (birds): characterized by

A
  • Nasal discharge
  • Sneezing
  • Swelling of face
31
Q

Specimens to collect

A
  • Depends on site
    o Viscera, blood
    o Lungs
    o Exudates
    o Milk
    o Ear tips
    o Aspirates
  • *do NOT freeze
32
Q

Lab ID

A
  • Culture
    o Easy on blood agar, biochemical ID or MALDI-TOF
  • Microscopy very useful (‘safety pins’ of P. multocida)
  • Histopathology
33
Q

Zoonotic/interspecies transmission

A
  • P. multocida!
    o Shared between species
  • Other genera=not common/important zoonoses
34
Q

Treatment is highly dependent on

A
  • Host species
  • Site of infection
  • National disease control strategies (ex. fowl cholera=stamped out)
  • *beware of emerging resistance among shipping fever pathogens (particularly macrolides)

BACTERIOLOGY (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions