3: COPD Pathophysiology Flashcards
Pulmonary HTN in COPD leads to what?
Right ventricular HF
Chronic bronchitis is a condition associated with excessive _____ production.
Chronic bronchitis is a condition associated with excessive tracheobronchial mucus production.
Why is there increased residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) with elevated total lung capacity (TLC) in COPD?
Loss of elastic recoil pressure of the lung
Is asthma considered COPD?
It does have crossover and can lead to COPD especially in asthma patients who smoke.
What are the systemic consequences of COPD?
- Weight loss with decreased fat-free mass
- Muscle wasting and weakness
- Cardiac comorbidity
- Osteoporosis
- Anemia
- Depression
Emphysema is permanent, abnormal distention of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of the _____.
Emphysema is permanent, abnormal distention of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of the alveolar septa.
Name 4 principles of pathophysiology of COPD.
- Reduced FEV1.
- Chronically reduced FEV1/FVC ratio.
- Hyperinflation (large chest d/t air trapping).
- Impaired gas exchange (ventilation/perfusion mismatch).
Chronic bronchitis causes cough with expectoration that is present for at least _____ of the year for more than _____ years.
Chronic bronchitis causes cough with expectoration that is present for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 years.
What happens to the diaphragm in COPD?
Flattening
Why is expiration prolonged in COPD?
Airway narrowing
What small airway changes occur in chronic bronchitis?
- Goblet cell hyperplasia
- Inflammation
- Edematous changes
- Peribronchial fibrosis
- Intraluminal mucus plugs
- Increased smooth muscle
Maldistribution of gas and blood flow leads to what?
- Abnormal arterial blood gases
- Elevated CO2 levels
- Decreased O2 levels
Chronic mucopurulent bronchitis indicates what?
Infection
Disturbed pressure-flow relationships lead to what?
Mild to severe pulmonary HTN at rest and with exercise.
Chronic bronchitis with obstruction is caused by _____ obstructing the airway.
Chronic bronchitis with obstruction is caused by mucus obstructing the airway.