3: COPD Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary HTN in COPD leads to what?

A

Right ventricular HF

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2
Q

Chronic bronchitis is a condition associated with excessive _____ production.

A

Chronic bronchitis is a condition associated with excessive tracheobronchial mucus production.

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3
Q

Why is there increased residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) with elevated total lung capacity (TLC) in COPD?

A

Loss of elastic recoil pressure of the lung

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4
Q

Is asthma considered COPD?

A

It does have crossover and can lead to COPD especially in asthma patients who smoke.

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5
Q

What are the systemic consequences of COPD?

A
  1. Weight loss with decreased fat-free mass
  2. Muscle wasting and weakness
  3. Cardiac comorbidity
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Anemia
  6. Depression
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6
Q

Emphysema is permanent, abnormal distention of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of the _____.

A

Emphysema is permanent, abnormal distention of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of the alveolar septa.

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7
Q

Name 4 principles of pathophysiology of COPD.

A
  1. Reduced FEV1.
  2. Chronically reduced FEV1/FVC ratio.
  3. Hyperinflation (large chest d/t air trapping).
  4. Impaired gas exchange (ventilation/perfusion mismatch).
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8
Q

Chronic bronchitis causes cough with expectoration that is present for at least _____ of the year for more than _____ years.

A

Chronic bronchitis causes cough with expectoration that is present for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 years.

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9
Q

What happens to the diaphragm in COPD?

A

Flattening

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10
Q

Why is expiration prolonged in COPD?

A

Airway narrowing

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11
Q

What small airway changes occur in chronic bronchitis?

A
  1. Goblet cell hyperplasia
  2. Inflammation
  3. Edematous changes
  4. Peribronchial fibrosis
  5. Intraluminal mucus plugs
  6. Increased smooth muscle
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12
Q

Maldistribution of gas and blood flow leads to what?

A
  1. Abnormal arterial blood gases
  2. Elevated CO2 levels
  3. Decreased O2 levels
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13
Q

Chronic mucopurulent bronchitis indicates what?

A

Infection

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14
Q

Disturbed pressure-flow relationships lead to what?

A

Mild to severe pulmonary HTN at rest and with exercise.

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15
Q

Chronic bronchitis with obstruction is caused by _____ obstructing the airway.

A

Chronic bronchitis with obstruction is caused by mucus obstructing the airway.

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