3 - Coordinate systems Flashcards

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1
Q

xy reading also known as

A

geographic location

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2
Q

Longitude / meridians

A

The angle subtended from the centre of the earth E/W of Greenwich (Prime meridian, 0degrees)

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3
Q

Range of longitudinal values

A

180E - 180W

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4
Q

Latitude/ parallels

A

The angle subtended from the centre of the earth north (N) and south (S) from the equator (0degrees)

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5
Q

Range of latitude values

A

90N - 90S
(North pole to South pole)

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6
Q

Graticule

A

A planar grid system of intersecting latitude and longitude lines

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7
Q

NE

A

+ long
+ lat

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8
Q

SE

A

+ long
- lat

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9
Q

SW

A
  • long
  • lat
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10
Q

NW

A
  • long
    + lat
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11
Q

Lat south of equator

A

NEGATIVE

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12
Q

Long west of Greenwich

A

NEGATIVE

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13
Q

On maps / analog coordinates

A

DMS

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14
Q

GPS coordinates

A

DDM

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15
Q

GIS coordinates

A

DD

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16
Q

Oblate spheroid

A

Earth is wider at equator than at poles

17
Q

Model of Earth considerations

A
  1. True surface of Earth
  2. Mean sea level (geoid)
  3. Reference ellipsoid
18
Q

Major axis A

A

Equatorial radius

19
Q

Minor axis B

A

Poles to the centre

20
Q

Simplest mathematical model of the earth

A

Ellipsoid

21
Q

Datum def

A

Mathematical model of the Earth & serves as a reference for calculating geographic coordinates.

22
Q

Components of a datum

A
  1. A reference ellipsoid
  2. A reference point/ location
23
Q

When is geometric distortion of geographic coordinates largest?

A

When the distance of a location is further away from the reference point of a datum on an ellipsoid.

24
Q

Cape reference ellipsoid

A

Modified Clarke 1880

25
Q

Cape initial point

A

Buffelsfontein - trigonometrical beacon, near Port Elizabeth

26
Q

Hartebeesthoek 94 reference ellipsoid

A

WGS84

27
Q

Hartebeesthoek 94 initial point

A

Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy telescope, near Pretoria

28
Q

International reference ellipsoid

A

WGS84

29
Q

International reference point

A

Centre of earth mass

30
Q

What to use when measuring distance and area?

A

Planar (GIS and maps) - coordinate systems which allow for calculations
Ellipsoid - DMS so not appropriate for measurements