1 - Intro Flashcards
IMADS glossary of GIS
an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic
data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update,
manipulate, analyse, and display all forms of geographically referenced
information
GIS def in summary
A GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing and displaying spatial data.
ESRI def of GIS
A GIS is a computer-based tool [or system] for mapping & analysing
things that exist and events that happen on earth. GIS technology
integrates common database operations such as query and statistical
analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits
offered by maps
GIScience… has two distinct meanings:
- Addresses the fundamental research principles
- includes questions of data structures, analysis, accuracy, meaning, visualization.
- Deals with issues hampering its successful implementation and contributing to the understanding of its capabilities - Refers simply to the use of GIS in scientific applications
- representing a new kind of scientific collaborative that is defined by researchers from many distinct backgrounds working together on particular sets of interrelated problems
Geomatics
The methods and technologies used to collect, distribute, store, analyze, process, and present geographic data.
GIScience allows us to
- Track and model spread of pollutants
- Provide detailed planning for efficient development & management
- map migrations
- Track recovery of species
- navigate vehicles
- manage & inventory of facilities
- visualize human genome
- select optimal sites
- guide airplanes
GIT def
Includes all types of
computer systems (hardware and software) & tools used in
processing georeferenced information
- remote sensing (RS) systems
- global positioning system (GPS)
- Geographic information systems (GIS)
- systems that deal with
geographic information processing
GNSS
Global navigation satellite system
Remote sensing
- Science and art of obtaining information about object, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area or phenomenon under investigation.
- using images acquired from an
overhead perspective, using electromagnetic radiation
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, reflected or emitted from
the earth’s surface.
3 segments of GPS
- space
- control
- user
Why GIS?
- Save money and promote efficiency (savings of
10 to 30 %) - Improve Communications
- Make Clear Decisions
- Easily Track Data & Records
4 components of a GIS
- Hardware
- Software
- People
- Infrastructure
- geospatial data
- procedures
- network
Hardware
The computer on which a GIS operates & resources available to the computer.
-printers
-plotters
-digitizers
-scanners
-monitors
-network & wide area communications.
Software
- Tools for the input, manipulation, reformatting, and output
of geographic data - Tools for geographic query, analysis, and visualization
- A database management system (DBMS)
- A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools
- Tools to document data sources and quality (metadata)
People
- You the operator (entering data)
- Others who captured data
- Others who conducted analyses
- People you want to use your geographical output
- IT infrastructure developer/maintenance
- Coders
