3. CHanges over time

Question 1

INdustries

Answer 1

Primary industry - extraction of raw materials from the ground or the sea. E.g. farming, fishing, forestry and mining.
Secondary industry - manufacturing of goods from raw materials (e.g. a TV or a car) or construction (e.g. a house, a road or new airport).
Tertiary industry - provision of different services to people and to other industries, e.g. commercial (shops, banks etc.), professional (solicitors, dentists etc.), social (schools, hospitals etc.), entertainment (restaurants, cinemas etc.) and personal (hairdressers, fitness trainers etc.).
Quaternary industry – industry in ICT and research and development (R&D). E.g. Universities and biotech companies.

Question 2

What is the clarke fisher model

Answer 2

is worked out in percentages

Question 3

Primary decline ?

Answer 3

Cheaper to use technology - less labour needed

Cheaper to import raw materials - rather than have someone work her

Question 4

Secondary ?

Answer 4

NOt as much manufacturing in this country - cheaper to import form china and japan
Automation - machines do the job

Question 5

Tertiary ?

Answer 5

Technology makes or creates new jobs
rapid growth of construction cause of gloabalisation
People are able to afford better social services

Question 6

Quaternary

Answer 6

Becoming more as companies want to research stuff to make better products
There will be higher need for people in this sector as world modernises

Question 7

decline of primary in rural areas why ? coal mining in east midlands

Answer 7

Coal extraction in the area became more and more expensive as reserves became depleted.
Become cheaper to import coal, mainly from Russia. £330 million investment in coal extraction in the UK recently turned down.
Expensive to make a clean form of energy (carbon capture).
Historically less and less use of coal in the surrounding area (e.g. Industry in Birmingham and Nottingham).

Question 8

consequences of decline in primary

Answer 8

Young people have had to move away to find work. Leaving unequal dependency ratio.
Cultural loss to the area. Key to many villages identity for generations.
Further lack of political focus, power and voice for primary sector employees in the area.
Decline in the area over the last 20 years.

Question 9

Impacts of increasing Quaternary industry

Answer 9

Increased desire to attend university, and thus increased higher education provision in places.
Reduction in traditional class mobility, as mobility increasingly linked to ease of access to education and apprenticeships, and thus higher paying skilled labour.
Greater movement of people, especially internally as many quaternary jobs in specialized areas of a country. Places now much less ‘parochial’ (people don’t settle in the place of their upbringing as much).
‘Hubs’ e.g. London, that produce significant proportions of GDP. Can lead to ‘overheating’ (congestion, over-crowding, high land and property prices etc).