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MSK: Gross Anatomy Exam 1 > (3) Back Myology > Flashcards

(3) Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Shapes of Skeletal (Striated) Muscle

What are the different shapes of skeletal muscle?

A

A. Flat

B. Pennate

C. Fusiform

D. Digastric

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2
Q

Shapes of Skeletal (Striated) Muscle

Describe Flat Muscle

A

Broad, thin and expansive

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3
Q

Shapes of Skeletal (Striated) Muscle

Describe Pennate Muscles

-What are the three types?

A

“Feather Like”

  • Unipennate (tendon on one side, muscle on the other)
  • Bipennate (muscle on either side of tendon)
  • Multipennate (multiple feathered)
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4
Q

Shapes of Skeletal (Striated) Muscle

Describe Fusiform Muscles

What are the three types?

A

*Spindle shaped with thick central region and tapered ends

  1. Bicipital muscles (muscle with two heads)
  2. Tricipital muscles (muscles with three heads)
  3. Quadracipital muscles (muscles with four heads)
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5
Q

Shapes of Skeletal (Striated) Muscle

Describe Digastric Muscles

What are the 5 types?

A

*Muscles with two bellies

  1. Multiventral : broken up by tendon
  2. Multicaudal : muscles with multiple tendons
  3. Serrated muscles : muscles with a serrated edge
  4. Circular or Sphincteral muscles : surrounding an opening
  5. Quadrate muscles: equal sided
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6
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Agonist
  2. Antagonist
  3. Synergist
  4. Fixator
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7
Q

What does an agonist do?

A

Activates a specific movement of the body

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8
Q

What does an antagonist do?

A

Opposes the action of the agonist

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9
Q

What does a synergist do?

A

Complements the action of the agonist and prevents the movement of an intervening joint when the agonist passes more than one joint

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10
Q

What does a fixator do?

A

Stabilizes the joints, or the proximal part of a joint while the distal portion is in motion

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11
Q

HN:

The superficial three layers are extrinsic and innervated by __________ or __________

A

Anterior Ramus; Cranial Nerve

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12
Q

HN:

The deep three layers are intrinsic and are innvervated by ______________

A

Posterior Rami

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13
Q

How are the six layers of the back muscles organized?

A
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14
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

What are the muscles in this layer?

A

Trapezius M.

Latissimus Dorsi M.

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15
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Trapezius M.

Origin:

A

Spinous process of C7-T12

Ligamentum Nuchae

External Occipital Protuberance and medial 1/3 of Superior Nuchal Line of Occipital B.

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16
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Trapezius M.

Insertion?

A

Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Acromion

Scapular Spine

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17
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Trapezius M.

Action?

A

Whole muscle: Rotate point of the glenoid cavity superiorly, retract scapula

Upper fibers: Elevate scapula

Lower fibers: Depress scapula

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18
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Trapezius M.

Innervation?

A

Spinal accessory N (CN XI)

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19
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Latissimus Dorsi M.

Origin?

A

Spinous processes of T6-T12

Ribs 9-12

Illiac Crest

Spinous processes of L1-5

Median Sacral Crest via Thoracolumbar fascia

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20
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Latissimus Dorsi M.

Insertion?

A

Floor of the humeral intertubercular groove

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21
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Latissimus Dorsi M.

Action?

A

Extend, ADuct and medially rotate the HUMERUS

Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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22
Q

Layer 1 (Extrinsic)

Latissimus Dorsi M.

Innervation?

A

Thoracodorsal N.

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23
Q

What are the muscles in Layer 2 (extrinsic)?

A
  1. Rhomboid Major M.
  2. Rhomboid Minor M.
  3. Levator Scapulae M.
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24
Q

How many muscles are in Layer 2?

A

3!!!

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25
Q

Layer 2 (Extrinsic)

Rhomboid Major M.

Origin?

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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26
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Major M.

Insertion?

A

Medial border of scapula (inferior to scapular spine)

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27
Q

Layer 2: (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Major M.

Action?

A

Retract and elevate the scapula

Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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28
Q

Layer 2: (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Major M.

Innervation?

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

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29
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Minor M.

Origin?

A

Spinos process of C7-T1

Lower part of the Ligamentum Nuchae

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30
Q

Layer 2: (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Minor M.

Insertion?

A

Medial border of scapula

(at scapulat spine)

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31
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Minor M.

Action?

A

Retract and elevate scapula

Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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32
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Rhomboid Minor M.

Innervation?

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

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33
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Levator Scapulae M.

Origin?

A

Posterior tubercules of transverse processes C1-4

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34
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Levator Scapulae M.

Insertion?

A

Medial border of scapula

*superior to scapular spine

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35
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Levator Scapulae M.

Action?

A

Elevate scapula

Rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly

When scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes the neck

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36
Q

Layer 2 (extrinsic)

Levator Scapulae M.

Innervation?

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

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37
Q

What are the muscles of layer 3?

A

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

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38
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Origin?

A

Nuchal L.

Spinous Processes C7-T3

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39
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Insertion?

A

Superior surfaces of ribs 2-5

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40
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Action?

A

Elevate ribs with forced inspiration

*primarily proprioceptive

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41
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Innervation?

A

Intercostal N.

42
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

Origin?

A

Spinous processes T11-L2

43
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

Insertion?

A

Inferior surface of ribs 8-12

44
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

Innervation?

A

Anterior Rami T9-12

45
Q

Layer 3 (extrinsic)

Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

Action?

A

Depress ribs with forced expiration

*primarily proprioceptive

46
Q

Layer 4 (intrinsic)

What are the muscles of layer 4?

A
  • Splenius Capitus M.
  • Splenius Cervicis M.
47
Q

Layer 4 (Intrinsic)

Splenius Capitus M.

Origin?

*Origins not CRITICAL for written exam, more FYI kind of thing

A

Lower 1/2 Ligamentum Nuchae, Spinous Process C7-T3

48
Q

Layer 4 (Intrinsic)

Splenius Capitis M.

Insertion?

A

Mastoid Process of Temporal B.

Lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line of the occipital B.

49
Q

Layer 4 (intrinsic)

Splenius Capitis M.

ACTION?

A

Extend the neck when working bilaterally,

Laterally flex the neck

Rotate face

50
Q

Layer 4: Intrinsic

Splenius Capitis M.

INNERVATION?

A

Posterior Rami C3-5

51
Q

Layer 4 (intrinsic)

Splenius Cervicis M.

origin?

A

Spinous processes T3-6

52
Q

Layer 4 (intrinsic)

Splenius Cervicis M.

Insertion?

A

Transverse processes C1-3

53
Q

Layer 4(intrinsic)

Splenius Cervicis M.

Action?

A

Extend the neck when working bilaterally

Laterally flex the nexk and rotate face toward when working unilaterally

54
Q

Layer 4 (intrinsic)

Splenius Cervicis M.

Innvervation?

A

Posterior Rami C5-7

55
Q

What are the muscles in Layer 5?

A
  • Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Spinalis
56
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae group?

A

Maintain erect posture and extend the vertebral column and head when working bilaterally

Laterally flex the vertebral column when working unilaterally

57
Q

What is the innervation of the erector spinae group?

A

Segmentally innvervated by Posterior Rami of spinal nerves

58
Q

Layer 5 (Intrinsic)

Iliocostalis

What are the three divisions?

A
  1. Iliocostalis Lumborum M.
  2. Iliocostalis Thoracis M.
  3. Iliocostalis Cervicis M.
59
Q

Layer 5 (intrinsic)

Longissimus

What are the three divisions?

A
  • Longissimus Thoracis M.
  • Longissimus Cervicis M.
  • Longissimus Capitis M.
60
Q

Layer 5 (Intrinsic)

Spinalis

What are the three divisions?

A
  1. Spinalis Thoracis M.
  2. Spinalis Cervicis M.
  3. Spinalis Capitis M.
61
Q

CN:

What is a back sprain?

A

Injury to the ligamentous attachements between bone;

usually due to inadequate stretching before activity

62
Q

CN:

What is a back strain?

A

Involves excessive stretching and sometimes tearing of muscle fibers produced by an overly strong muscular contraction.

*Muscle tissue will spasm, or involuntarily contract in response to injury and inflammation as a protective measure

63
Q

Label the following structures in layer 5:

A
64
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

AKA?

A

Transversospinalis Muscles

65
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

What are the muscles in this layer?

A
  1. Semispinalis Ms.
  2. Multifidus Ms.
  3. Rotatores Longus Ms.
  4. Rotatores Brevis Ms.
66
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Semispinalis Ms.

What are the subdivisions of this muscle group?

A
  • Semispinalis Thoracis M.
  • Semispinalis Cervicis M.
  • Semispinalis Capitis M.
67
Q

Layer 6: intrinsic

Semispinalis Ms.

What are the actions of these muscles?

A

Extend spine

Rotate spine away

68
Q

Layer 6 (Intrinsic)

Semispinalis Ms.

What are these muscles innervated by?

A

Posterior Rami

69
Q

Layer 6 (Internal)

Multifidus M.

Action?

A

Extend spine

Rotate the spine away

70
Q

Layer 6 (internal)

Multifidous Ms.

Innervation?

A

Posterior Rami

71
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Longus M.

How many spinal segments does it span?

A

2!

72
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Longus M.

Insertion?

A

Transverse Processes

73
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Longus M.

Insertion?

A

Roots of spinous processes 2 segments suprior

74
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Longus M.

Action?

A

Extend the spine

Rotate the spine away

*primarily proprioceptive

75
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Longus M.

Innveration?

A

Posterior Rami

76
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Brevis M.

Where does it extend?

A

Adjacent spinal segment

77
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Brevis M.

Origin?

A

Transverse processes

78
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Brevis M.

Insertion?

A

Roots of spinous processes 1 numeric segments superior

79
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Brevis M.

Action?

A

Extend the spine

Rotate the spine away

*primarily proprioceptive

80
Q

Layer 6 (intrinsic)

Rotatores Brevis M.

Innervation?

A

Posterior Rami

81
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles?

A
  1. Rectus Capitis Posterior
  2. Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M.
  3. Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.
  4. Obliquus Capitis Superior M.
82
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M.

Origin?

A

Spinous process C2

83
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M.

Insertion?

A

Lateral portion of inferior nuchal line

84
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M.

Action?

A

Extend the head

Rotate face forward

85
Q

Rectus Capitis Posteior Major M.

Innervation?

A

Suboccipital N.

86
Q

What muscle is the medial border of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major M.

87
Q

What is the inferior border of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.

88
Q

What is the lateral border of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Obliquus Capitis Superior M.

89
Q

What are the three muscles that make up the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior M.

Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.

Obliquus Capitis Superior M.

90
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M.

Origin?

A

Posterior tubercle C1

91
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M.

Insertion?

A

Below Inferior Nuchal Line

92
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M.

Action?

A

Extend head

93
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor M.

Innervation?

A

Suboccipital N

94
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.

Origin?

A

Spinous Process C2

95
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.

Insertion?

A

Transverse process C1

*ONLY CAPITUS MUSCLE THAT DOESN”T INSERT ON CAPPPP

96
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.

Action?

A

Rotate the face forward

97
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior M.

Innervation?

A

Suboccipital N.

98
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior M.

Origin?

A

Transverse process C1

99
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior M.

Insertion?

A

B/w Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines

100
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior M.

Action?

A

Extend and laterally flex head

101
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior M.

Innervation?

A

Suboccipital N.

MSK: Gross Anatomy Exam 1 (12 decks)

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