(2) Back Arthrology Flashcards
What are the three classifications of joints?
- Synovial Joint
- Cartilaginout Joint
- Fibrous Joint
Synovial Joint: AKA?
Diarthrosis
Fibrous Joint: AKA?
Synarthorosis
Cartilaginous Joint: AKA?
Amphiarthrosis
Synovial Joint:
What are the listed 6 examples?
A. Planar
B. Ginglymus
C. Trochoid
D. Condyloid
E. Sellar
F. Spheroidal
Synovial Joint:
Describe what a synovial joint is
The articulating bones of synovial joints are united by a joint capsule (composed of an outer fibrous layer lined by serous synovial membrane) spanning and enclosing an articular cavity
The joint cavity is a potential space that contains small amount of lubricating synovial fluid
Synovial joint:
Name a MAJOR example of a synovial joint
Knee
Synovial Joints:
A. Planar Joint
Describe the action, name an example:
Uniaxial gliding or sliding movement, tight joint capsule
Example: Acromioclavicular Joint
Synovial Joints:
B. Ginglymus
Describe the action, name an example:
Aka: HINGE joint, thin slack joint capsule
Example: Elbow
Synovial Joints:
C. Trochoid
Describe the action, name an example:
AKA: Piviot joint, uniaxial rotation
Example: Atlantoaxial joint
Synovial Joints:
D. Condyloid
Describe the action, name an example:
-One or two concave surfaces articulating with one or two convex surfaces, BIAXIAL
Example: Metacarpophalangeal joint
Synovial Joints:
E. Sellar
Describe the action, name an example:
AKA: SADDLE JOINT, Allows false circumduction w/out rotation
Example: Carpometacarpal joint
Synovial Joints:
F. Spheroidal
Describe the action, name an example:
AKA: BALL AND SOCKET, multiaxial, allows circumduction in multiple planes
Example: Hip Joint
Synovial Joints:
G. Compound Synovial
Describe the action, name an example:
ANY COMBINATION OF THE PREVIOUS JOINTS
Summary of the Synovial Joints in one image
What is this an example of?
Hinge Joint
What is this an example of?
Condyloid Joint
What are these examples of?
Fibrous Joint;
Sutures
Fibrous Joints
What are Sutures?
Interlocked bone separated by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous Joints:
What are the three types of Sutures?
- Serrated Suture
- Squamous Suture
- Planar Suture
Fibrous Joints:
What is a Serrated Suture?
Interlocking bone with jagged edge
Fibrous Joints:
What is a Squamous suture?
Joined bone with two beveled surfaces
Fibrous Joints:
What is a Planar Suture?
Two blunt ends joined by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous Joint:
What is Schindylesis?
Tougue in groove joined by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous Joint:
What is Gomphosis?
Peg-in-socket joined by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous Joint:
What is Syndesmosis?
Two bones separated by a fibrous connective tissue
What are the two classifications of Cartilagenous Joints?
- Synchondrosis
- Symphysis
Cartilaginous Joint:
Describe Synchondrosis
- Primary Cartilagenous joints
- Temporary cartilaginous unions of Hyaline Cartilage
*Usually b/w the diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone
Cartilaginous Joint:
Describe Symphysis
- Secondary cartilaginous joints
- Strong, slightly moveable joints
What is a Compound Joint?
-A joint that includes articulations from more than one of the three main categories of joints (Synovial, Fibrous, Cartilaginous)
Vertebral Joints:
What is C1/C2?
Compound synovial joint
(Planar and Trochoid)
Intervertebral Joints:
Where are these joints?
C3-S1
Where is the Symphysis joint?
S5/Col
Where are the Zygopophyseal Joints?
Describe
C1-S1
Planar Synovial
HN: At the cervical intervertebral joint, the joint b/w the ________ of the inferior vertebra dn beveled inferior surface of the superior vertebra is described as an Uncovertaebral Joint (of _______).
Uncinate process; Luschka
Where does the Anterior Longitudinal L. travel?
The anterior surface of the vertebral bodies
CN:
Hyperextension, or “whiplash” injury is common in automobile accidents and results in excessive stretching and even tearing of…
Anterior Longitudinal L.
CN:
Why is the Anterior Longitudinal L. important clinically?
Due to it’s…
- Possible splinting action
- Should be used whenever fracture of the vertebral column is suspected (except cervical fractures)
- Pt. should be kept in hyperextension at all times
- The pull of the Anterior Longitudinal L. will help realign fragments of bone and keep further injury to the spinal cord from occuring
Where does the Posterior Longitudinal L. travel?
Travels on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies
Where does the Ligamentum Flavum travel?
How is it Identified?
Travels on the ventral surfaces of the vertebral laminae
Pale yellow fibers
Where does the Interspinous L. travel?
Between adjacent spinous processes
Where does Intertransverse L. travel?
*not well defined in cervical region
Fibrous cords in the thoracic region, thin membranes in lumbar region
Where does the Supraspinous L. travel?
Travels on dorsal surface of vertebral spinous process
Intervertebral Discs:
What are the two important anatomical aspects?
- Annulus Fibrosis
- Nucleus Pulposus
Intervertebral discs:
What is the annulus fibrosis?
Tough fibrous outer region, overlapping lamellae of fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs:
What is the Nucleus Pulposus?
Soft gelatinous inner portion
CN:
What is a common cause of lower back pain?
Herniation of the nucleus pulposas through the annulus fibrosis
*Result: Bulge and compress spinal nerve roots, the cauda equina and spinal nerves
Most common: L4/5 and L5/S1 (where discs are much larger and more mobile)
Describe the Second Number Rule:
For the cervical and lumbar regions, the vertebral level at which the prolapse occurs witll affect the spinal nerve with the second number designation.
EXAMPLE: A prolapse at C5/6 will affect spinal nerve 6
Where is the Atlanto-occpital joint?
Between the atlas and basilar occipital b.
What kind of joint is the Atlanto-occipital joint?
Condyloid Synovial Joint
Atlantoocipital Joint
Label the following:
A) Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
B) Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane
What kind of joint is the Median Atlantoaxial joint?
Trochoid Synovial Joint
Go to page 314 og Olinger’s Atlas: TEST SELF ON…
Atlantoocipital Joint:
a) Anterior Atlantoocipital Membrane
b) Tectorial Membrane
c) Posterior Atlantoocipital Membrane
Go to page 314 og Olinger’s Atlas: TEST SELF ON…
Median Atlantoaxial Joint
a) Cruciate L.
b) Alar L.
c) Apical L.
What type of joint is a Lumbosacral Joint?
Compound joint!
Symphysis and Planar synovial b/w L5 and the Sacrum
Go to page 319 of Olinger’s Atlas: TEST SELF ON…
Lumbosacral Joint: Label the following:
- Anterior Longitudinal L
- Posterior Longitudinal L
- Ligamentum Flavum
- Interspinous L
- Intertransverse L
- Supraspinous L
- Illiolumbar L.
- Travels on ventral surface of vertebral bodies, onto the ventral surface of the sacrum
- Travels on dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, onto the anterior wall of the sacral canal
- Pale yellow fibers which travel on the ventral surfaces of vertebral laminae, onto the posterior wall of the sacral canal
- ABSENT
- ABSENT
- ABSENT
- Travels from L5 transverse process to the Illiac crest
