(1) Back Osteology Flashcards
What is an example of a long bone?
Humerus/Femur
What are examples of short bones?
Tarsals/Carpals, cuboidal in shape
What is an example of a flat bone?
Squamous Skull, designed to protect the brain
What is an example of an irregular bone?
[Facial bones]
*not long, short or flat
What is an example of a sesamoid bone?
[Patella]
Embedded in tendon
What is an example of a sutural/wormian bone?
Amid skull sutures in the neurocranium
Anatomy of Long Bones:
Lable the following diagram
Anatomy of Long bones:
Describe anatomic location
Epiphysis
Portion of a bone furthest from the center
Anatomy of Long bones:
Describe anatomic location
Epiphyseal Plate
Cartilaginous region b/w EPIPHYSIS and METAPHYSIS
*Secondary ossification center
Anatomy of Long bones:
Describe anatomic location
Metaphysis
Flared region b/w Diaphysis and Epiphyseal plate
Anatomy of Long bones:
Describe anatomic location
Diaphysis
Central portion of a bone
*Primary ossification center
Anatomy of Long bones:
Describe anatomic location
Epiphyseal Line
Region b/w Metaphysis and Epiphysis after cessation of ossification
Anatomy of Long bones:
Compact bone
Where is it?
Outermost solid layer
Anatomy of Long bones:
Cancellous/Spongy Bone
Where is it? What is it?
Innermost sinusoidal layer
Anatomy of Long bones:
Medullary/Marrow Cavity
What is it? Where is it?
Replaces some of the Cancellous bone layer in adults
Global overview:
Where is the temporal bone on the skull?
Occipital Bone:
Label the Diagram
Where is the squamous aspect on the occipital bone?
Superior to the external occipital protuberance
Label the Occipital Bone Structures
How many cervical vertebrae?
7
Where are the cervical vertebrae?
Between Occipital B. and the Thoracic Vertebrae
What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebrae?
C1, C2 and C7
What vertebra is this?
C1 Atlas
What is the fracture associated with a fracture of the C1 Atlas?
Jefferson Fracture
How does a Jefferson fracture occur?
Blow to the top of the head from a falling object or diving accident
Jefferson fracture, aka?
Burst fracture
T/F:
A Jefferson Fracture will typically injure the spinal cord
FALSE:
A Jefferson fracture typically WON’T injure the spinal cord
Label the following diagram:
Features of a Typical Vertebra
Label the following diagram:
Features of a Typical Vertebra
Cervical Vertebrae
Unique Features
Identify this:
Cervical Vertebrae
C1 Atlas
Identify the structures of the Cervical Vertebrae: C1 Atlas
Example of a:
Jefferson Fracture
Identify this:
Cervical Vertebrae:
C2 Axis
What is the typical fracture in C2?
Hangman’s Fracture
What is hangman’s fracture?
Hyperextension of head on neck
Where specifically does Hangman’s fracture occur?
Odontoid Process and Vertebral Arch
Identify the following:
Typical Cervical Vertebra
Which are the typical cervival vertebrae?
C3-C6
Identify the following
Typical Cervical Vertebrae
C3-C6
CN:
Describe: SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA
Bony defect in 24% of population
Developmental abnormality when vertebral lamina fail to fuse and close off vertebral canal
Tuft of hair typically exists over defect
Occurs at L5-S1
CN:
WHERE on the spine does Spina Bifida occur?
L5-S1
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
What are the unique features/common hallmarks of Thoracic Verebrae?
- Small round vertebral foramen
- “Heart” shaped vertebral body
Identify what’s in the image:
Typical Thoracic vertebra
CN:
Since the articulating facets of the cervical certebrae are more __________, it requires _______ force to dislocate cervical vertebrae.
However, due to the ____________, this ___________ in injury to the spinal cord
horizontal than the other vertebrae; less
large vertebral foramen; does NOT usually result in
Function of Thoracic Vertebrae?
Provide attachment for the ribs
Thoracic Vertebrae:
Where does the Superior Costal Facet meet with the rib?
SAME number rib; costal head
Thoracic Vertebrae:
Where does the Inferior Costal Facet meet with the rib?
Meets with costal head one segment up
Thoracic Vertebrae:
The head of each rib articulates with the _____________ of the thoracic vertebral segment above the rib number
Inferior Costal Demifacet
Thoracic Vertebrae
The head of each rib articulates with the ____________ of the thoracic vertebral segment of the same number
Superior Costal Demifacet
Thoracic Vertebrae:
The ___________ of the tubercle articulates with the thoracic vertebral segment that is the same as the rib number
Costal Articulating Facet
Identify the following:
Typical Thoracic Vertebrae
What are the Typical Ribs?
3rd-9th
What is spondylosis?
Degenerative joint disease; calcification of edges of the vertebral body
Separation of the vertebra arch from the vertebral body=Spondylosis
What is Spondylolisthesis?
Anterior displacement of the vertebral body on the inferior vertebral segment
*Spondyloisthesis can occur secondarily to spondylolysis
Label the diagram:
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
What are the unique features of lumbar vertebrae?
- Large oval shaped vertebral foramen
- Mammillary process
- Accessory process
- Long slender transverse process
- “Kidney” shaped vertebral body
Identify the following:
Typical Lumbar vertebra
Identify the following:
Typical Lumbar vertebrae
Label the following:
CN:
What is Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?
Narrowing of the Lumbar Vertebral Foramen
-Can cause compression of one or more spinal nerve roots
What level does a lumbar puncture occur?
Between either
L3/L4 or L4/L5
What is the sacrum?
Essentially 5 fused vertebrae
Label the diagram:
CN:
What is sacralization?
Partial or complete incorporation of the L5 Vertebral segment into the sacrum
What is the Coccyx?
3-5 fused vertebrae;
embryological remnant
Identify the following curvatures:
What does Kyphosis refer to?
Exaggerated curving of thoraci column:
HUMP BACK
What does “Lordosis” refer to?
Exaggerated curving of the Lumbar Vertebrae
SWAY BACK
What does “Scoliosis” refer to?
Lateral curving of spine
