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MSK: Gross Anatomy Exam 1 > (1) Back Osteology > Flashcards

(1) Back Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

Humerus/Femur

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2
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

Tarsals/Carpals, cuboidal in shape

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3
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A

Squamous Skull, designed to protect the brain

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4
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

[Facial bones]

*not long, short or flat

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5
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

[Patella]

Embedded in tendon

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6
Q

What is an example of a sutural/wormian bone?

A

Amid skull sutures in the neurocranium

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7
Q

Anatomy of Long Bones:

Lable the following diagram

A
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8
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Epiphysis

A

Portion of a bone furthest from the center

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9
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Cartilaginous region b/w EPIPHYSIS and METAPHYSIS

*Secondary ossification center

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10
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Metaphysis

A

Flared region b/w Diaphysis and Epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Diaphysis

A

Central portion of a bone

*Primary ossification center

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12
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Epiphyseal Line

A

Region b/w Metaphysis and Epiphysis after cessation of ossification

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13
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Compact bone

Where is it?

A

Outermost solid layer

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14
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Cancellous/Spongy Bone

Where is it? What is it?

A

Innermost sinusoidal layer

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15
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Medullary/Marrow Cavity

What is it? Where is it?

A

Replaces some of the Cancellous bone layer in adults

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16
Q

Global overview:

Where is the temporal bone on the skull?

A
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17
Q

Occipital Bone:

Label the Diagram

A
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18
Q

Where is the squamous aspect on the occipital bone?

A

Superior to the external occipital protuberance

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19
Q

Label the Occipital Bone Structures

A
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20
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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21
Q

Where are the cervical vertebrae?

A

Between Occipital B. and the Thoracic Vertebrae

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22
Q

What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebrae?

A

C1, C2 and C7

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23
Q

What vertebra is this?

A

C1 Atlas

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24
Q

What is the fracture associated with a fracture of the C1 Atlas?

A

Jefferson Fracture

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25
Q

How does a Jefferson fracture occur?

A

Blow to the top of the head from a falling object or diving accident

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26
Q

Jefferson fracture, aka?

A

Burst fracture

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27
Q

T/F:

A Jefferson Fracture will typically injure the spinal cord

A

FALSE:

A Jefferson fracture typically WON’T injure the spinal cord

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28
Q

Label the following diagram:

Features of a Typical Vertebra

A
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29
Q

Label the following diagram:

Features of a Typical Vertebra

A
30
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

Unique Features

A
31
Q

Identify this:

A

Cervical Vertebrae

C1 Atlas

32
Q

Identify the structures of the Cervical Vertebrae: C1 Atlas

A
33
Q

Example of a:

A

Jefferson Fracture

34
Q

Identify this:

A

Cervical Vertebrae:

C2 Axis

35
Q

What is the typical fracture in C2?

A

Hangman’s Fracture

36
Q

What is hangman’s fracture?

A

Hyperextension of head on neck

37
Q

Where specifically does Hangman’s fracture occur?

A

Odontoid Process and Vertebral Arch

38
Q

Identify the following:

A

Typical Cervical Vertebra

39
Q

Which are the typical cervival vertebrae?

A

C3-C6

40
Q

Identify the following

A

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

C3-C6

41
Q

CN:

Describe: SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA

A

Bony defect in 24% of population

Developmental abnormality when vertebral lamina fail to fuse and close off vertebral canal

Tuft of hair typically exists over defect

Occurs at L5-S1

42
Q

CN:

WHERE on the spine does Spina Bifida occur?

A

L5-S1

43
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

44
Q

What are the unique features/common hallmarks of Thoracic Verebrae?

A
  • Small round vertebral foramen
  • “Heart” shaped vertebral body
45
Q

Identify what’s in the image:

A

Typical Thoracic vertebra

46
Q

CN:

Since the articulating facets of the cervical certebrae are more __________, it requires _______ force to dislocate cervical vertebrae.

However, due to the ____________, this ___________ in injury to the spinal cord

A

horizontal than the other vertebrae; less

large vertebral foramen; does NOT usually result in

47
Q

Function of Thoracic Vertebrae?

A

Provide attachment for the ribs

48
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae:

Where does the Superior Costal Facet meet with the rib?

A

SAME number rib; costal head

49
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae:

Where does the Inferior Costal Facet meet with the rib?

A

Meets with costal head one segment up

50
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae:

The head of each rib articulates with the _____________ of the thoracic vertebral segment above the rib number

A

Inferior Costal Demifacet

51
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

The head of each rib articulates with the ____________ of the thoracic vertebral segment of the same number

A

Superior Costal Demifacet

52
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae:

The ___________ of the tubercle articulates with the thoracic vertebral segment that is the same as the rib number

A

Costal Articulating Facet

53
Q

Identify the following:

A

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

54
Q

What are the Typical Ribs?

A

3rd-9th

55
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

Degenerative joint disease; calcification of edges of the vertebral body

Separation of the vertebra arch from the vertebral body=Spondylosis

56
Q

What is Spondylolisthesis?

A

Anterior displacement of the vertebral body on the inferior vertebral segment

*Spondyloisthesis can occur secondarily to spondylolysis

57
Q

Label the diagram:

A
58
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

59
Q

What are the unique features of lumbar vertebrae?

A
  • Large oval shaped vertebral foramen
  • Mammillary process
  • Accessory process
  • Long slender transverse process
  • “Kidney” shaped vertebral body
60
Q

Identify the following:

A

Typical Lumbar vertebra

61
Q

Identify the following:

A

Typical Lumbar vertebrae

62
Q

Label the following:

A
63
Q

CN:

What is Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the Lumbar Vertebral Foramen

-Can cause compression of one or more spinal nerve roots

64
Q

What level does a lumbar puncture occur?

A

Between either

L3/L4 or L4/L5

65
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

Essentially 5 fused vertebrae

66
Q

Label the diagram:

A
67
Q

CN:

What is sacralization?

A

Partial or complete incorporation of the L5 Vertebral segment into the sacrum

68
Q

What is the Coccyx?

A

3-5 fused vertebrae;

embryological remnant

69
Q

Identify the following curvatures:

A
70
Q

What does Kyphosis refer to?

A

Exaggerated curving of thoraci column:

HUMP BACK

71
Q

What does “Lordosis” refer to?

A

Exaggerated curving of the Lumbar Vertebrae

SWAY BACK

72
Q

What does “Scoliosis” refer to?

A

Lateral curving of spine

MSK: Gross Anatomy Exam 1 (12 decks)

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