3-Arousal Flashcards
What is arousal
An energised state,a readiness to perform
When is arousal present
Before,after and during sport in various levels
What is the drive theory
Initial motivation causes increased drive,more effort,more success and a repetition of the same response
What is the formula to explain the drive theory
P=f(DXH).Performance=DriveXHabit Strength
What is the formula to explain the drive theory
P=f(DXH)
What is the dominant response (arousal)
At high arousal we pick up less information and focus on the dominant response
When can dominant response help
If the task is simple or the performer is an expert the task can be completed well
When can dominant response hinder performance
If task is complex or performer is a novice then performance may be impaired
What is the inverted U theory
Theory that links arousal and performance by stating that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point at moderate levels of arousal
Acoording to the inverted U theory does increased arousal improve performance
Yes but only to a moderate level,after which more arousal causes performance to suffer
Acoording to the inverted U theory does increased arousal improve performance
Yes but only to a moderate level,after which more arousal causes performance to suffer
How can the optimal level of arousal vary
It can vary as skill level,personality of performer and the task undertaken have an effect on
Who performs best at low arousal
Introverts because they already have high adrenaline levels
A novice because they need to focus on lots of info
Fine and complex skills are performed best
Who performs best at high arousal
Extroverts as they can tolerate extra adrenaline
Experts are used to the pressure and can operate on limited information
Gross and simple skills are performed better
What are the problems with the inverted U theory
Critics question if optimal arousal always occurs at the mid point of the curve as one curve doesn’t explain the different optimal levels of arousal needed for simple and complex tasks
What is the catastrophe theory
Theory suggesting that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance when arousal increases beyond the optimal
What is attentional wastage
Performers concentration is misdirected to irrelevant cues.Can damage performance especially in novices
What is social loafing
Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to a lack of performance identification when efforts aren’t recognised
What is attentional narrowing
Occurs when a performer is aroused so they focus on specific cues and ignore others
What is the ringelman effect
When a teams performance decreases with group size
What is the zone of optimal functioning
Area of controlled arousal and high level performance,Instead of it being a point like the inverted u theory,It’s a zone
What does the zone of optimal functioning feel like
Things flow effortlessly
A state of supreme confidence
Remains calm under the utmost pressure
The athlete feels that they are in total control of their actions
Results can be smooth effortless performance
What is peak flow performance
The ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude,with supreme confidence,focus and efficiency
When does peak flow performance occur
When timing action and motion appear to be perfect
What is the reticular activating system
The reticular activating system is a network of neurons located in the brain stem,It regulates arousal
