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A-Level OCR Chemistry > 3. Amount of Substances > Flashcards

3. Amount of Substances Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the unit of amount of substance?

A

Mole (mol)

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2
Q

How to calculate the number of moles?

A
  1. mass / Mr
  2. concentration x volume
  3. volume / 24 (at room temperature and pressure)
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3
Q

What is Avogadro constant?

A

6.02 x 10^23, the number of atoms per mole of carbon-12.

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4
Q

What is molar mass?

A

Mass per mole (Mr)

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5
Q

What is the unit of molar mass?

A

g/mol

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6
Q

What is molar gas volume?

A

Gas volume per mole

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7
Q

What is the unit of molar gas volume?

A

dm3/mol

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8
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.

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9
Q

How to calculate the empirical formula?

A
  1. convert mass into moles
  2. divide by the smallest moles
  3. write the empirical formula
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10
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

The number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule.

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11
Q

How to calculate the molecular formula?

A
  1. convert % by mass into moles
  2. find the empirical formula
  3. calculate the Mr of the empirical formula
  4. find the mole of the substance
  5. write the molecular formula
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12
Q

What does anhydrous mean?

A

Substances that contain no water molecules.

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13
Q

What does hydrated mean?

A

A crystalline compound that contains water molecules.

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14
Q

What is water of crystallisation?

A

Water molecules that are bonded into a crystalline structure of a compound.

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15
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A

pV=nRT

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16
Q

What is the ideal gas constant?

A

8.314 J/mol/K

17
Q

What is the unit of pressure in the ideal gas equation?

A

Pascal (Pa)

18
Q

What is the unit of volume in the ideal gas equation?

A

m^3

19
Q

What is the unit of temperature in the ideal gas equation?

A

Kelvin (K)

20
Q

How to calculate from °C to K?

A

+273

21
Q

How to calculate the percentage yield?

A

(actual yield of product / theoretical yield of product) x 100

22
Q

Why is the percentage yield never be 100%?

A
  1. side reactions
  2. incompleted reactions
  3. gases lost during reactions
  4. products left on apparatus
23
Q

What is limiting reagent?

A

The reactant that is not in excess, which will be used up first and stop the reaction.

24
Q

How to calculate the atom economy?

A

(Mr of desired product / Mr of all product) x 100

25
Q

Why is it a benefit for sustainability of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy?

A
  1. large proportion of desired products
  2. fewer unwanted wasted products > reduce waste
  3. they make the best use of resources
  4. it makes the industrial processes more efficient

A-Level OCR Chemistry (7 decks)

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