11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A molecule that is made of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 2

What is a homologous series?

Answer 2

A series of organic compounds that have the same functional group but with each successive (連續的) member differing by CH2.

Question 3

What is a functional group?

Answer 3

An atom that is responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound.

Question 4

What does saturated mean?

Answer 4

Only contains single carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 5

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 5

Contains at least one double carbon-carbon bond.

Question 6

What is an intermolecular force?

Answer 6

Forces of attraction between molecules. (之間)

Question 7

What is an intramolecular force?

Answer 7

Forces of attraction within molecules. (之内)

Question 8

Is London force an example of intermolecular forces or intramolecular forces?

Answer 8

Intermolecular forces.

Question 9

What does polar mean?

Answer 9

Molecules that have both positive and negative ends.

Question 10

What does non-polar mean?

Answer 10

Molecules that only have positive/negative ends.

Question 11

What does aliphatic mean?

Answer 11

A chain of carbon atoms.

Question 12

What may an aliphatic contain?

Answer 12

1. a straight chain of carbon atoms
2. a branched chain of carbon atoms
3. alicyclic
4. aromatic

Question 13

What does alicyclic mean?

Answer 13

A ring of carbon atoms.

Question 14

What does aromatic mean?

Answer 14

Anything that contains benzene.

Question 15

What are the types of reactions?

Answer 15

1. substitution
2. addition
3. elimation

Question 16

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 16

An atom/group of atoms on the molecule is swapped with a different atom.

Question 17

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 17

Adding an atom into the original molecule.

Question 18

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 18

Removing an atom from the original molecule.

Question 19

What are the types of reagants?

Answer 19

1. electrophile
2. nucleophile
3. free radicals

Question 20

What does electrophile mean?

Answer 20

A species that is often positively charged and seeks out negatively charged area.

Question 21

What does nucleophile mean?

Answer 21

A species that is often negatively charged and seeks out positively charged area.

Question 22

What are free radicals?

Answer 22

A species with an unpaired electron.

Question 23

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 23

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 24

What are the examples of structural isomer?

Answer 24

1. positional isomerism
2. functional group isomerism
3. chain isomerism