3 Flashcards
List
My class isn’t listed there
bulletin
..on the bulletin board outside this office.
throw
I wonder if I threw it away with all the junk mail by mistake
enroll
to officially arrange to join a school, university, or course, or to arrange for someone else to do this:
enrol on/forBrE:
I decided to enrol for ‘Art for Beginners’.
enrol inespecially AmE:
Californians are rushing to enroll in special aerobics classes.
Migrate
And some migrate over very long distances
amazing
1very good, especially in an unexpected way:
He’s an amazing player to watch.
an amazing bargain
2so surprising you can hardly believe it:
It’s amazing how often you see drivers using mobile phones.
—amazingly adv:
These shoes were amazingly cheap.
Even though
Even though it’s really tiny, it migrate…
Back and forth
11back and forth going in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times:
We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England.
He was pacing back and forth.
breed
bred
1[intransitive] if animals breed, they mate in order to have babies:
Eagles breed during the cooler months of the year.
Feed
Fed
to give food to a person or animal:
Have you fed the cat?
Beat
The bird beats its wings
rely
1to trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do➔ reliable, reliance:
I knew I could rely on David.
pollinate
BIOLOGY
to give a flower or plant pollen so that it can produce seeds:
flowers pollinated by bees
Nest
to build or use a nest:
They say eagles used to nest in those rocks.
A bird’s nest
Pollute
Polluted habitat areas
to make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use:
beaches polluted by raw sewage
The factory pollutes the air and water.
promote
Promoting ecological tourism
1encourage to help something to develop or increase:
a meeting to promote trade between Taiwan and the UK
Fertilizer promotes leaf growth.
2better job[usually passive]
to give someone a better more responsible job in a company
OPP demote
promote somebody to something
Helen was promoted to senior manager.
Route
Migration route
decline
How to prevent further decline in the population
Spending on information technology has declined.
capture
3animal to catch an animal after chasing or following it:
The tiger was finally captured two miles outside the village.
destination
TRANSPORT
the place that someone or something is going to:
somebody’s destination
Allow plenty of time to get to your destination.
holiday / tourist destination
Maui is a popular tourist destination.
conform
1to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave➔ conformist:
the pressure on schoolchildren to conform
Ali’s film conform to norms of the 20s and 30s
neatly
They don’t fit very neatly into the categories
fuse
1
CHEMISTRY
to join together physically, or to make things join together, and become a single thing:
fuse (something) together
The egg and sperm fuse together as one cell.
Pioneer
Pioneer in the field of …p
Pioneer of computer animation
mollusk
نرم تن
narration
1
MEDIAPERFORMING
a spoken description or explanation which is given during a film, play etc
Narrator
Portray
Depict
Mix up
phrasal verb
1to make the mistake of thinking that someone or something is another person or thing
SYN confuse,
uncomfortable
1not feeling physically comfortable, or not making you feel comfortable:
This sofa is so uncomfortable.
uncanny
very strange and difficult to explain:
an uncanny coincidence
uncanny feature
Suspicious
Wary
1thinking that someone might be guilty of doing something wrong or dishonest:
suspicious of
Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious of his behaviour.
suspicious about
They were suspicious about my past.
celebrated
Famous
A celebrated actress
rare
not seen or found very often, or not happening very often
OPP common
➔ unusual:
This species of plant is becoming increasingly rare.
I only saw Helen on the rare occasions when I went into her shop.
it is rare (for somebody/something) to do something
innovate
Innovator
to start to use new ideas, methods, or inventions:
the need for large businesses to innovate
Adventure
1an exciting experience in which dangerous or unusual things happen:
a great adventure
Ahab’s adventures at sea
an adventure story
2sense / spirit of adventure
willingness to try new things, take risks etc:
Come on – where’s your sense of adventure?
fancy
1like/wantBrE informal to like or want something, or want to do something
SYN feel like
Fancy a quick drink, Emma?
Fancy equipment adj
Patch
patch something ↔ together
phrasal verb
to make something quickly or carelessly from a number of different pieces or ideas:
A new plan was quickly patched together.
whereas
1 formal used to say that although something is true of one thing, it is not true of another:
The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.
strict
Strict teacher
Strict documentarist
adjective (comparative stricter, superlative strictest)
1expecting people to obey rules or to do what you say
OPP lenient
a strict teacher
strict about
This company is very strict about punctuality.
Incorporate
incorporate something into/in something
We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.
Incorporating music
heard
Past tense go hear
Everyone’s heard of ali kelle
Catch
Caught
catch on
phrasal verb
1to become popular and fashionable:
The idea of glasses being a fashion item has been slow to catch on.
2to begin to understand or realize something:
catch on to
It was a long time before the police caught on to what he was really doing.
circle
Ali is still highly respected in many circles
Look for
2search[intransitive] to try to find something:
I looked everywhere but Jimmy was nowhere to be found.
look for
Could you help me look for my contact lens?
If you’re looking for a bargain, try the local market.
look in/under/between etc
Try looking under the bed.
volunteer
Who are interested in volunteering for your project
relief
1comfort[singular, uncountable] a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened➔ relieve:
I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness.
That is a relief
2reduction of pain[uncountable] when something reduces someone’s pain or unhappy feelings:
Marijuana can provide pain relief for some cancer patients.
relieve
1pain to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings➔ relief:
Drugs helped to relieve the pain.
archeology
ARCHAEOLOGY
the study of ancient societies by examining what remains of their buildings, graves, tools etc
—
barn
1
AGRICULTURE
a large farm building for storing crops, or for keeping animals in
2informal
BUILDINGSHOUSEHOLD
a large plain building:
a huge barn of a housestand
A lamp stood on the table.
Near the railway station stood a hotel.
Some remains of the original house still stand.
erect
formal to build something such as a building or wall:
an imposing town hall, erected in 1892
Police have erected barriers across the main roads into the town.
2to fix all the pieces of something together, and put it in an upright position
SYN put up
It took a couple of hours to erect the tent.
3to establish something such as a system or institution
Word origin
excavate
if a scientist or archaeologist excavates an area of land, they dig carefully to find ancient objects, bones etc:
Schliemann excavated the ancient city of Troy.
2formal to make a hole in the ground by digging up soil etc
—
Burry
to put someone who has died in a grave :
bury somebody in/at etc something
He was buried in the churchyard of St Mary’s.
Bottle
1[countable]
UTENSILS
a container with a narrow top for keeping liquids in, usually made of plastic or glass:
an empty bottle
a wine / milk / beer etc bottle
bottle of
a bottle of champagneClay
Clay pottery
credit
Get some extra credit
tough
1difficult difficult to do or deal with:
It was a tough race.
She’s had a tough life.
Tough time
Incentive
something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc➔ motivation:
As an added incentive , there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team.
Extra credit is always a good incentive for student
date
2find age[transitive] to find out when something old was made or formed:
The rocks are dated by examining the fossils found in the same layer.
radiocarbon dating
Cave paintings found to date
pipe up
pipe up
phrasal verb
informal
to suddenly say something, especially when you have been quiet until then:
Mum suddenly piped up ‘No!’
Pipe"لولهpipe
1send liquid/gas[transitive usually passive] to send a liquid or gas through a pipe to another place:
pipe something into/from/out of etc something
Eighty per cent of sewage is piped directly into the sea.
pipe something in/out/up etc
A lot of oil is piped in from Alaska.
villages with no piped water
primitive
OPP advanced
modern
a primitive society
a primitive nomadic tribe
the tools used by primitive man
primitive artmasterpiece
شاهكار
Dawn
پگاه، سپيده دم
CHRONOLOGY
the time at the beginning of the day when light first appears
SYN daybreak
➔ dusk:
at dawn
The boats set off at dawn.
1if day or morning dawns, it begins:
The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm.Paleolithic
relating to the Stone Age (=the period of time thousands of years ago when people used stone tools and weapons) :
a paleolithic axe
penetrate
1go through[intransitive and transitive] to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult➔ pierce:
bullets that penetrate thick armour plating
Sunlight barely penetrated the dirty windows.
Where no natural light can penetrate
Bear
Panda bear
1deal with something to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation
SYN stand
She was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear the pain.
Torch
a small electric lamp that you carry in your hand
SYN flashlightAmE:
We shone our torches around the cavern.
2
OUTDOOR
a long stick with burning material at one end that produces light:
the Olympic torch
light
To light your way
Charcoal
a black substance made of burned wood that can be used as fuel :
cooking over a charcoal fire
2[uncountable and countable] a stick of this substance used for drawing:
a sketch drawn in charcoal
3(also ˌcharcoal ˈgrey)[uncountable] a dark grey colour
vitality
سرزنده
1great energy and eagerness to do things:
Despite her eighty years, Elsie was full of vitality.
Herbivore
گياه خوار
Dim
1[intransitive and transitive] if a light dims, or if you dim it, it becomes less bright:
The lights in the theatre began to dim.
Dimmer
Emit
to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc:
The kettle emitted a shrill whistle.
Analyze the light emitted from stars.
Figure out
1to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened
SYN work out:
figure out how/what/why etc
Can you figure out how to do it
You can figure out their distance from the earth
You
Back up
1back somebody / something ↔ up to say or show that what someone is saying is true:
Jane would back me up if she were here.
There’s no evidence to back up his accusations.
Prism
1
OPTICS
a transparent block of glass that breaks up white light into different colours
منشور
beam
a)LIGHT
a line of light shining from the sun, a lamp etc:
the beam of a powerful flashlight
When you take a crystal prism and pass a beam of sunlight through it
spectrum
1a complete range of opinions, people, situations etc, going from one extreme to its opposite:
spectrum of
the ethnic spectrum of America
Fall
Fall in the range of
Spread
1affect more people/places[intransitive and transitive] if something spreads or is spread, it becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area:
spread through
Fire quickly spread through the building.
Spread away from its source
Interruption
1[intransitive and transitive] to stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them, making a noise etc:
Will you stop interrupting me!
Sorry to interrupt, but I need to ask you to come downstairs.
2[transitive] to make a process or activity stop temporarily:
My studies were interrupted by the war.
3[transitive] if something interrupts a line, surface, view etc, it stops it from being continuous
—interruption-ˈrʌpʃən noun[uncountable and countable]:
We can talk here without interruption.
Violet
بنفش
flame
1[uncountable and countable] hot bright burning gas that you see when something is on fire:
Flames poured out of the windows of the building.
Bloom
1
PLANTSGARDENING
if a plant or a flower blooms, its flowers appear or open
2to become happier, healthier, or more successful in a way that is very noticeable
SYN blossom
She was blooming the last time I saw her.
