Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UWORLD first pass- week 8 > 3/22 UWORLD test # 59 > Flashcards

3/22 UWORLD test # 59 Flashcards

1
Q

Q 1. How does confidence interval indicate statistical significance for each

  • confidence interval for mean between groups
  • confidence interval for relative risk or odds ratio between groups
A
  • mean
    : If confidence interval crosses 0 ( negative to positive)
    => statistically NOT significant
    => No difference (null hypothesis accepted)
  • relative risk or odds ratio
    : If relative risk/odds ratio crosses 1
    => statistically NOT significant
    => No difference (null hypothesis accepted)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Q 3. heteroplasmy vs. expression variability

A

heteroplasmy
: variability of clinical presentations in MITOCHONDRIAL disease

expression variability
: variability of clinical presentations due to differential expression in AUTOSOMAL disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Q 5. Pathophysiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

autoimmune

campy infection -> antibody -> autoimmune attack of peripheral myelin due to MOLECULAR MIMICRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Q 6. What artery will have the lowest oxygen content? why?

A

coronary sinus

myocardium oxygen demand is really high, resulting in high degree of oxygen extraction from coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Q 7. Define granulation

A

Healing process

angiogenesis and deposition of connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Q 7. What is Asheman syndrome? What would happen progesterone withdrawal test for patient with this disease?

A

Asherman syndrome: endometrium tissue is replace with scar tissue

=> normally proesterone withdrawal test will lead to bleeding due to endometrium shedding, but Asherman syndrome patients will not bleed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Q 9. Which brain lobe is responsible for executive function and personality?

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Q 9. In terms of changed personality due to fontal lobe injury, how injury at each site shows difference

  • right frontal lobe
  • left frontal lobe
A
  • Right
    : disinhibition
  • Left
    : apathy, depression
  • Right is my dominant hand, so it is tougher (disinhibition) than left (apathy, depression- kinda weak)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Q 10. Injury to lateral epicondyle impairs which hand motion?

A

wrist extension

  • extensors (extensor carpi radialis brevis & extensor digitorum) are attached to lateral epicondyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Q 11. anatomy: Through course of aorta
(ascending aorta-> aortic arch -> descending aorta), what is order of three major artery branches?
- Which branch is in close proximity to
- Which branch is in close proximity to

A

brachiocephalic -> common carotid -> left subclavian

  • ascending aorta dissection: brachiocephalic
  • descending aorta dissection: left subclavian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Q 12. Describe manifestations for each

  • primary syphilis (1)
  • secondary syphilis (2)
  • tertiary syphilis (4)
  • congenital syphilis (5)
A
  • primary: chancre, painless erosion
  • secondary: condylomata lata,
  • tertiary
    1. gumma
    2. Argyll Robertson pupil (accomodation, but no light reflex)
    3. aortic aneurysm or aortitis (chest X-ray: calcification)
    4. tabes dorsalis (entire dorsal column)
  • congenital
    1. notching teeth
    2. rhagades (scars at angle of mouth)
    3. bowing tibia (saber shins)
    4. mulberry molars
    5. saddle nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Q 14. lung mass in CT with elevated alpha-fetoprotein. What is diagnosis?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Q 14. For people with chronic HepB, what triggers development of neoplasm in hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

integration of viral DNA into genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Q 15. What is gross appearance of liver in Dubin-Johnson syndrome? why?

A

impaired excretion of epinephrine metabolites. They accumulate within lysosome as black dots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Q 16. What is pathophysiolgy of spider angioma in liver cirrhosis?

A

increased estrogen

=> this is same mechanism as gynecomastia in liver cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Q 16. What is another word for strawberry hemangioma?

A

superficial hemangioma

  • baby no very superficial about world. so superficial
17
Q

Q 17. Uterine contraction is mediated by what autonomic system? what about uterine dilation?

A

uterine contraction: alpha
uterine dilation: beta 2

NO PARASYMPATHETIC innervation for UTERINE

18
Q

Q 18. Wilson disease

  • which gene, what chromosome
  • ceruloplasmin level
  • complications (3)
  • treatment (3)
A
  • ATP7B, chromosome 13
  • low ceruloplasmin level
  • neurologic (parkinsonism- damage to basal ganglia), renal (Fanconi), liver disease
  • treated with penicillamine, trientine, oral zinc
19
Q

Q 20. DKA vs. insulin supplementation: how does extracellular and intracellular potassium level affected?

A

DKA: more acid extracellular
=> more proton move intracellularly via H+/K+ exchanger
=> hyperkalemia

Insulin: hypokalemia
* remember sketchy: eaten banana

20
Q

Q 22. What are cephalosporin resistant organisms (4)?

remember mnemonic?

A 
LAME
Listeria
Atypical (mycoplasma, chlamydia)
MRSA
Enterococci
21
Q

Q 23. How is statin metabolized?

A

hepatic metabolism, CYP-450

22
Q

Q 23. Name 8 drugs that enhance CYP450 activity

remember mnemonic?

A

CHRONIC ALCHOL STeal PHEN-PHEN NEver Refuse GReasy CARBs

  • chronic alcohol
  • St. John’s wart
  • phenobarbitol
  • phenytoin
  • nevirapine (anti-HIV, NNRTI)
  • rifampin
  • griseofulvin (anti-fungal)
  • carbamazapine
23
Q

Q 25. Mallory-Weiss syndrome

  • etiology
  • associations
A
  • mucosa lacerations @ gastroesophageal junction
24
Q

Q 26. lesion in hippocampus may lead to impairment of what brain function

A

anterograde amnesia: impaired learning

anterograde: new

25
Q

Q 27. Which part of bone is most commonly affected by osteomyelitis?

A

hematoenous osteomyelitis predominantly affects metaphysis

26
Q

Q 29. unilateral facial redness, arm swelling, and vein disintention. lung cancer patient. what is diagnosis?

A

brachiocephalic vein obstruction (lung mass effect)

vs. SVC syndrome, where BOTH sides of arm/vein/face are affected

27
Q

Q 31. Which part of brain is first damaged during global cerebral ischemia?

A

hippocampus

28
Q

Q 33. Alveolar cells that contain parallel stacks of membrane lamellae. what cells are thy?

A

surfactants

  • surfactants contain lamellar body
29
Q

Q 34. concentric vs. eccentric cardiac hypertropy:

  • gross appearance
  • etiologies
A
  • concentric hypertrophy
    :thickened myocardiaum inside of chamber
    formed due to PRESSURE OVERLOAD
    => aortic stenosis, chronic hypertension
  • eccentric hypertropy
    : dilated ventricle
    formed due to VOLUME OVERLOAD
    => AR/MR, MI
30
Q

Q 35. Epinephrine works on what receptor?

A

low dose: beta

high dose: alpha

*sketchy: that epic thing is tilted downside toward beta side. so lower dose-beta

UWORLD first pass- week 8 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions