3/20 UWORLD test #55 Flashcards
Q 1. What is the way to achieve pregnancy in Turner?
IVF (invitro fertilization) with sufficient estradiol and progesterone
- sufficient estadiol and progesteron is to maintain pregnancy
- ovum should be supplied by other donor
Q 2. What step in vitamin D synthesis requires UV
very first step
7-dehydrocholesterol –> D3
*D3 then subsequently hydroxylated to yield (1,25)-OH D3
What is fancy name of active form of vitamin D, (1,25)-OH D3?
calcitriol
Q 4. What two neurotransmitters show level change in Alzheimer disease? What change for each?
- Ach: decreased
- gultamate: increased
- this makes sense as alzheimer is sort of not-active neuronal (depressed) activity.
Q 4. donepezil
- MOA
- indication
cholinesterase inhibitor
Alzheimer disease
Q 5. which organelle is responsible for very long chain fatty acid metabolism
peroxisome
Q 7. sudden onset of tachypnea and chest pain in hospitalized patient who just underwent surgery. What is going on?
PE
- hospitalized: immobilization
- surgery: hypercoagulable state due to endothelial damage & inflammation
Q 9. What is course of alcohol withdrawal symptoms
- mild symptoms (3)
- severe symptoms after prolonged withdrawal (2)
within first 6-24hrs
-insomnia, tremor, anxiety
after 2-3 days
- derlium, hallucination
- like BDZ, alcohol works on GABA as a DEPRESSENT
for withdrawal, it will be stimulant effect. so insomnia, tremor, and anxiety
Q 11. Crohn’s vs. UC: which one shows non-caseating granuloma?
Crohn
UC: crypt abcesses
Q 15. Which kid CNS tumor shows Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic bodies?
pilocytic astrocytoma
Q 15. What is histologic finding of medulloblastoma
Homer-Wright rosettes: small blue cells
- check image on FA 497
Q 16. Vitamin A is enriched in what diet?
vegetables
- basically only vitamin worried about strict vegan diet is B12, cobalamin
Q 16. Explain why primary biliary obstruction can lead to impaired fat soluble vitamins
Apart from pancreatic enzymes, bile is also needed for fat soluble vitamin absorption
Q 17. Farmer exposed to organophosphate. What does it do in terms of muscle?
organophosphate -> AchE inhibitor
-> excess nicotinic stimulation at NMJ -> muscle fasicculation and subsequent paralysis
- also BB SLUDGE
Q 17. What are two antidote for organophosphate intoxication? what is MOA & effectiveness of each? which one is first line why?
- atropine: MUSCARINIC receptor inhibitor. ONLY reverses BB SLUDGE
=> atropine alone can not reverse muscle paralysis as it does not inhibit nicotinic receptor - pralidoxime: regenerate AchE
=> can reverse BOTH muscarinic and nicotinic stimultion - atropine is the first line because pralidoxime is effective ONLY IF GIVEN EARLY
