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Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The overall term fro three different but inter-related types of diversity: genetic, species and habitat.

Question 2

Species Diversity

Answer 2

The products of two variables: the richness and evenness of species in an area.

Question 3

Genetic Diversity

Answer 3

The range of genetic material present in a gene pool or population of a species.

Question 4

Habitat Diversity

Answer 4

The range of different habitats per unit area in a particular ecosystem.

Question 5

Hotspot

Answer 5

A biodiversity hotspot is a region with a high level of biodiversity that is under thereat from human activities.

Question 6

Factors Which Cause Loss of Biodiversity

Answer 6

Natural hazards, Natural disasters, Environmental destruction, Habitat destruction, Fragmentation of habitat, Pollution, Invasive species, Disease, Modern Agricultural Practices.

Question 7

Why is a Species Prone to Extinction

Answer 7

Narrow geographical range.
Small population size.
Low population densities and large territories.
Few Populations.
Large body.
Low reproductive potential.
Seasonal migrants.
Poor dispersers.
Specialised feeders or Niche requirements.
Edible to humans and living in large groups, herds.
Island organisms.

Question 8

ICUN Redlist

Answer 8

EX
EW
CR
EN
VU
NT
LC
DD
NE

Question 9

Value of Biodiveristy

Answer 9

Direct:
Food services and natural products.

Indirect:
Environmental services, scientific and educational value, biological control agents, gene pools, future potential uses, human health, human rights, recreational, ecotourism, intrinsic value, biorights.

Question 10

Conservation Biology

Answer 10

The sustainable use and management of natural resources. Anthropocentric.

Question 11

Preservation Biology

Answer 11

Attempts to exclude human activity in areas wgere humans hae not yet encroached. Ecocentric.

Question 12

Sustainable Development

Answer 12

Meeting the needs of the present without negatively impacting the needs of future generations and biodiversity.

Question 13

IGOs

Answer 13

Composed of, and answering to a group of member states.
UN, IPCC.

Question 14

GOs

Answer 14

Part of and funded by a national government.
Environmental Protection Agency of the USA (EPA).

Question 15

NGOs

Answer 15

Not for profit. International or local, funded by the people.
Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace.

Question 16

Natural Hazard

Answer 16

Naturally occurring events that may have a negative impact on the environment (and humans). Volcanic Eruptions, Earthquakes, Floods.

Question 17

Natural Disaster

Answer 17

A natural hazard whose impact is very bad, or affect human populations significantly. Eruption of MT ST Helens, Washington State, USA, 1980, Haiti 2010, Yangtze river floods, china, 2007.

Question 18

Environmental Disaster

Answer 18

Cause by anthropogenic activities which significantly affect the environment. Deforestation of TR and Oil Spills.

Question 19

Speciation

Answer 19

The gradual change of a species over a long time. When populations of the same species become separated, they cannot interbreed and if the environments they inhabit change they may start to diverge and a new species forms. Separation may have geographical or reproductive causes.

Question 20

Examples of Geographical Isolation

Answer 20

Physical Barriers, mountains or oceans. Land Bridges. Continental Drift.

Question 21

Factors Which Help Maintain Biodiversity

Answer 21

Complexity of Ecosystem
Stage of Succession
Limiting Factors
Inertia (resist change when subject to a disruptive force)

Question 22

Extinction Rates

Answer 22

100-10,000 time greater than background rates.
Classified Species < Total number of species, estimates of extinction rates are therefore varied.

Question 23

Continental Drift

Answer 23

Separating species or bringing them together.

Question 24

For a species to be considered CE

Answer 24

50-70% decline over three generations or ten years