تجربة 3 Flashcards
What are the different routes of administration for antibacterial drugs?
Topical, Oral, Intramuscular, Intravenous
What is the difference between narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Narrow-spectrum works on a narrow range of organisms, while broad-spectrum works on a broad range of organisms but may disrupt normal flora
What are some examples of Gram-positive bacteria?
Staphylococci, Listeria
How do fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis?
They inhibit enzymes maintaining the supercoiling of DNA
What is the mechanism of action of penicillins and cephalosporins?
They irreversibly inhibit enzymes involved in the final steps of Gram-positive cell wall synthesis
What are some toxic effects that antibacterial drugs can cause?
Toxicity at high concentrations or adverse effects
How does the suppression of normal flora by antibiotics contribute to opportunistic infections?
When normal flora is killed, other pathogens may grow in high numbers
What are some examples of Gram-negative bacteria?
E.coli, Salmonella
In what situations are synergistic drug combinations used in treating infections?
When the action of one drug enhances the activity of another
What are some considerations when using tetracyclines?
Avoid in children under 8/12 years, during pregnancy, liver diseases, kidney insufficiency; avoid with certain supplements or medications
How do tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria?
They reversibly bind to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, blocking tRNA attachment
What is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs?
Bacteriostatic drugs rely on host immunity to eliminate pathogens, while bactericidal drugs are useful when host defenses cannot control the pathogen
How can bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics?
Inherent resistance, spontaneous mutations, acquisition of new genes
What are some potential allergic reactions to antibacterial drugs?
Hypersensitivities
What are the features of antibacterial/antimicrobial drugs?
Highly selective toxicity, low tendency for resistance development, rapid tissue distribution, no interactions with other drugs, relatively inexpensive
