تجربة 1 Flashcards
What is the name of the phase where the uterine lining becomes thicker in preparation for possible pregnancy?
Proliferative phase or follicular phase.
What hormone exerts negative feedback on LH and FSH production during the follicular phase?
Estrogen and inhibin.
What triggers the mature follicle to rupture and release the egg into the fallopian tube?
Peak levels of LH around day 14.
What structure does the follicle develop into after ovulation?
Corpus luteum.
What hormone does the corpus luteum predominantly produce after ovulation?
Progesterone.
What is the phase of the uterine cycle where the uterine lining thickens and becomes more vascular due to progesterone?
Secretory phase or luteal phase.
What event marks the end of the follicular phase and the beginning of the luteal phase?
Ovulation.
What causes the uterine lining to break down leading to menstrual bleeding if fertilization doesn’t occur?
Sudden decline in progesterone and estrogen levels.
What do elevated levels of circulating estrogen, progesterone, and inhibin inhibit during the menstrual cycle?
Secretion of GNRH, FSH, and LH.
What are the two types of hormonal contraceptives?
Combined method (estrogen and progesterone) and progestin-only method (progestin).
Which form of hormonal contraceptives is most widely used?
Oral tablet or birth control pill.
What is the term for birth control pills that deliver synthetic forms of both estrogen and progesterone?
Combination or combined birth control pills.
What is the term for birth control pills that contain synthetic progestin, a version of progesterone?
Progestin-only birth control pills.
What phase of the uterine cycle is known for secreting fluids necessary for embryo nutrition and closing off the uterine opening?
Secretory or luteal phase.
What is the major sterol found in fungal plasma membrane?
Ergosterol
What is the function of ergosterol in fungal cells?
Maintain membrane integrity
What enzymes are responsible for fungal cell wall construction in the plasma membrane?
Multi-subunit enzymes
How do antifungal drugs targeting ergosterol work?
By binding to cholesterol in ergosterol and forming pores
What is the major adverse effect of antifungal drugs causing membrane permeability?
Rapid leakage of intracellular ions
Which antifungal drug is used only for severe systemic infections that require a rapid response?
Amphotericin B
Why is Nystatin not used systematically like Amphotericin B?
It is more toxic
What is the target of Ergosterol Biosynthesis Enzymes Inhibitors Antifungal Drugs?
Squalene epoxidase and P450 enzyme
How do squalene epoxidase and P450 enzyme inhibitors cause fungal cell death?
By depleting cell membrane ergosterol
What is the main advantage of Echinocandins antifungal drugs relative to others?
Low potential for toxicity or serious drug interaction