3

Question 1

toxicokinetics or toxicodynamics split into toward or away

Answer 1

toxicokinetics

Question 2

what do toxicodynamics describe

Answer 2

toxicity

Question 3

what are the four factors involved in toxcitiy

Answer 3

toxicant target, cell signalling, cell sttress, death pathways

Question 4

what are the tthree main targets

Answer 4

lipid protein nucleic acid

Question 5

what must targets be

Answer 5

reactive accesible, altered function

Question 6

what are some sugnalling currencies

Answer 6

association/disossiaction, conformation, localization, post trasnlational modifcations

Question 7

tissue repair causes toxicity by

Answer 7

apoptosis

Question 8

the effectts of toxciity on ptoein, lipid and NA occur during ___ (signalling or repair)

Answer 8

repair

Question 9

what can cause short term toxciity

Answer 9

Na channrl toxins

Question 10

what 2 things can cause long term toxicity

Answer 10

benzene-DNA adducts, mutations

Question 11

what are the three main major causes of poison induced cell death

Answer 11

intracellular Ca, ATP depletion, ROS/RNS

Question 12

what are the 4 mechanisms of increased Ca

Answer 12

`iopening ligand gated channels, ER, mitochonidra, reduced effluc

Question 13

what happens as a result of elevated Ca (7)

Answer 13

cytoskeleton disintegrates
membrane anchoring removed
blebbing
membrane rupture
Ca-depedent enzymes
phospholipase modify membrane lipids
endonucleases fragment DNA

Question 14

what does ATP and ADP hydroylsis lead to

Answer 14

phosphoric acid accumulation

Question 15

what occurs as a result of phosphoric acid accumulation

Answer 15

lower pH of cytosol –> calcium phosphate precipitates, lowering Ca, inhibits Ca enzymes (phospholipase) –> ATP pumps shut down —> cellular water and ionic balance tilt

Question 16

describe necorsis

Answer 16

rapid cell death that causes inflammation

Question 17

what is the intrinsic apopototic pathway

Answer 17

nucleus to mitochondira
p53-bax;fas;cytochrome c apafl-caspase 9-caspse 3

Question 18

WHAT IS the extrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer 18

Fas/TNF-caspase 8-caspase 3

Question 19

what does constant reactive formation species faciliate

Answer 19

electron transport chain and ATP

Question 20

what causes ATP synthesis to shut down

Answer 20

stress

Question 21

accumulating stress leads to __ (3)

Answer 21

ATP synthasome dysfunction
loss of ionic regulation
Bcl/bAX

Question 22

what does pore formation invoklve

Answer 22

VDAC (voltage dependent anion channel) , ANT (adenosine nucleotide transporter), F0/F1 (ATP synthase)