1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a xenobiotic

A

any foreign compound not normally found in an organism

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2
Q

what is poison

A

any damage inducing compound

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3
Q

what is a toxin

A

any damage inducing compound that is naturally occuring

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4
Q

what is a toxicant

A

any manmade damage inducing compound

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5
Q

what is venom

A

any naturally occurring damage inducing compound delivered by an apparatus

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6
Q

what are the two key factors in toxic response studies

A

safety and efficacy

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7
Q

how many animals shows statistical signficance

A

1000

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8
Q

what is acute

A

24 hours

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9
Q

what is subacute

A

<1 month

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10
Q

what is subchronic

A

1-3 months

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11
Q

what is chronic

A

> 3 months

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12
Q

what is the usual dose used from chronic testing

A

MTD

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13
Q

what is MTD

A

no weight gain over 90 days

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14
Q

what can you use for pharmacokinetic data

A

AUC

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15
Q

what is the daily dose for a therapeutic human dose

A

25xAUC

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16
Q

what are the two types of responses

A

quantal and graded

17
Q

how are quantal responses usually expressed

A

as probability units (probits)

18
Q

which response type shoes dose the responses

A

graded

19
Q

what distribution is typical of quantal data

A

gaussian

20
Q

why is gaussian distrubtion typcial of quantal data

A

genetics and environment

21
Q

which percentiles occur within the linear segment

A

16-84

22
Q

what are NEDs

A

percentage of responses relative to the mean

23
Q

how to caclulate probit

A

NED +5

24
Q

how to calculate TI

A

TD50/ED50

25
Q

how to calculate MOS

A

TD1/ED99