2The Healthy Life Flashcards
Learning Objectives Describe basic terminology used in the field of health psychology. Explain theoretical models of health, as well as the role of psychological stress in the development of disease. Describe psychological factors that contribute to resilience and improved health. Defend the relevance and importance of psychology to the field of medicine.
_____, which is a field devoted to understanding the connections between psychology and health.
health psychology
_____, a health condition that persists over time, typically for periods longer than three months (e.g., HIV, asthma, diabetes).
Chronic disease
_____, an approach to studying health and human function that posits the importance of biological, psychological, and social (or environmental) processes.
Biopsychosocial Model of Health
What are the two coping strategies?
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
In health, _____, it is the ability of a patient to maintain a health behavior prescribed by a physician. This might include taking medication as prescribed, exercising more, or eating less high-fat food.
Adherence
_____, a field similar to health psychology that integrates psychological factors (e.g., emotion, behavior, cognition, and social factors) in the treatment of disease. This applied field includes clinical areas of study, such as occupational therapy, hypnosis, rehabilitation or medicine, and preventative medicine.
Behavioral medicine
_____, the process by which physiological signals, not normally available to human perception, are transformed into easy-to-understand graphs or numbers. Individuals can then use this information to try to change bodily functioning (e.g., lower blood pressure, reduce muscle tension).
Biofeedback
_____, areductionist model that posits that ill health is a result of a deviation from normal function, which is explained by the presence of pathogens, injury, or genetic abnormality.
Biomedical Model of Health
_____, irritations in daily life that are not necessarily traumatic, but that cause difficulties and repeated stress.
Daily hassles
_____, coping strategy aimed at reducing the negative emotions associated with a stressful event.
Emotion-focused coping
____, a three-phase model of stress, which includes a mobilization of physiological resources phase, a coping phase, and an exhaustion phase (i.e., when an organism fails to cope with the stress adequately and depletes its resources).
General Adaptation Syndrome
_____, according to the World Health Organization, it is a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health
_____, any behavior that is related to health—either good or bad.
Health behavior
_____, an experience or trait with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components. It often includes cynical thoughts, feelings of emotion, and aggressive behavior.
Hostility
_____, the idea that our emotions and thoughts can affect how our body functions.
Mind–body connection
_____, a set of coping strategies aimed at improving or changing stressful situations.
Problem-focused coping
_____, a field of study examining the relationship among psychology, brain function, and immune function.
Psychoneuroimmunology
_____, an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on how biological, psychological, and social processes contribute to physiological changes in the body and health over time.
Psychosomatic medicine
_____, the ability to “bounce back” from negative situations (e.g., illness, stress) to normal functioning or to simply not show poor outcomes in the face of adversity. In some cases, resilience may lead to better functioning following the negative experience (e.g., post-traumatic growth).
Resilience
_____, the belief that one can perform adequately in a specific situation
Self-efficacy
_____, the size of your social network, or number of social roles (e.g., son, sister, student, employee, team member).
Social integration
_____, the perception or actuality that we have a social network that can help us in times of need and provide us with a variety of useful resources (e.g., advice, love, money).
Social support
_____, a pattern of physical and psychological responses in an organism after it perceives a threatening event that disturbs its homeostasis and taxes its abilities to cope with the event.
Stress
_____, an event or stimulus that induces feelings of stress
Stressor
_____, is characterized by impatience, competitiveness, neuroticism, hostility, and anger.
Type A behavior
_____, reflects the absence of Type A characteristics and is represented by less competitive, aggressive, and hostile behavior patterns.
Type B Behavior
