2nd Test Flashcards
1
Q
ACNE
A
The occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands in the skin.
2
Q
AEROBIC
A
Relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen
3
Q
ANAEROBIC
A
Relating to, involving, or requiring the absence of free oxygen
4
Q
ANTIBODIES
A
A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
5
Q
ANTIGEN
A
A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
6
Q
APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
A
The sweat gland associated with hair follicles in the armpits and pubic regions. No human function.
7
Q
APOCRINE GLANDS
A
A type of gland that is found in the skin, breast, eyelid, and ear.
8
Q
ARRECTOR PILI
A
Responsible for goosebumps
9
Q
ASEPSIS
A
The absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms
10
Q
BACTERIA
A
Most numerous of pathogens. Simplest. Can grow anywhere where you provide sugar.
11
Q
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
A
The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going like breathing and keeping warm.
12
Q
BEDSORES
A
A sore developed because of pressure from lying too long on one side of the body on the bed
13
Q
BLOOD
A
Carries oxygen throughout the bod
14
Q
CELLS OF DERMIS
A
Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and white blood cells.
15
Q
CERUMINOUS GLANDS
A
Modified apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen. Secrete earwax. Protects the tampenic membrane. Catches dust, bugs, and those kinda things.
16
Q
COMMON SITES FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
A
Often cause urinary tract infections. Risk factors: 1. Number of health care workers you come in contact with. 2. The longer in the system, the greater the chance of getting this infection. 3. Type of therapies. 4. Number of invasive procedures.
17
Q
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
A
Easily transmitted from one person to the other. Ex. Cold.
18
Q
COMPOSITION OF SWEAT
A
99% water
19
Q
CONVALESCENCE
A
Time spent recovering from an illness or treatment.
20
Q
CONDUCTION
A
Pulls temp away. Like putting fever in a warm bath.
21
Q
CONVECTION
A
Movement of air
22
Q
CORTEX OF HAIR ROOT
A
Part of the hair
23
Q
COURSE OF INFECTION
A
- Infectious agent. 2. Reservoir. 3. Portal of Exit. 4. Modes of transmission. 5. Portal of entry. 6. Host.
24
Q
CUTICLE OF HAIR ROOT
A
Outermost part of the inside part of a hair
25
DERMAL PAPILLA
Peg-like projections (forms fingerprints). Contain capillary loops (where diffusion takes place).
26
DERMAL ROOT SHEATH
Who knows
27
DERMATITIS
Inflammation of the skin
28
DERMIS
Skin
29
DILATE
Make or become wider, larger, or more open.
30
DISINFECTION
Clean something with a disinfectant in order to destroy bacteria
31
ECCRINE GLANDS
Found in palms, soles of feet, and forehead. Merocrine, very simple coil like tubes. Through exicytosis they release sweat.
32
ECZEMA
Starts as a pimple like blister on the skin. Then looks like fish scales on the skin. Caused by over exposure to an irritant. Treatment! Steroid cremes, and anti infectal creme.
33
EFFECTS OF AGE ON IMMUNE SYSTEM
Old and young are bad.
34
ERYTHEMA
Redness of the skin
35
EXTERNAL EPITHELIAL ROOT SHEATH
Uhhhhhh...
36
EVAPORATION
Liquid to vapor. Sweat does this to cool skin.
37
FAT CELLS
Storage, warmth, adipocytes.
38
FINGER PRINTS
Stratum lucidum form them on the papillary layer.
39
FIRST DEGREE
A. area! 10% or less. B. depth of tissue damage! epidermis is damaged but not destroyed.C. effects! Mild swelling. Erythemic color, redness. Pain. Peeling. No scarring. D. treatment! Aloe, cool distilled vinegar, lotion, aspirin. Takes two weeks to heal a true first degree burn.
40
FOLLICLE
The sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of the hair.
41
FULL STAGE
Extensive ulceration with penetration to bone and muscle, dead tissue, profuse exudate.
42
FUNGI
Plant/yeast like infections. Need warm moist environment.
43
HAIR FOLLICLE
The sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of a hair
44
HAIR ROOT
Root of the hair
45
HAIR SHAFT
Long part of the hair
46
HYPODERMIS
(superficial fascia)- deepest region. Storage. Energy. Insulation
47
IDIOPATHIC
Doctors dont know what is going on.
48
IMPETIGO
Caused by the staff or strep bug. Highly contagious. Spread by direct contact. If left untreated they can get mersa (staff infection).
49
INCUBATION
The time the pathogen enters the body until the first symptom. Contagious in this stage.
50
INFECTION
Begins with invasion of pathogens capable of producing a disease.
51
INFLAMMATION
Redness, swelling, heat, pain
52
INTERNAL EPITHELIAL ROOT SHEATH
K
53
JAUNDICE
yellow to orange pigment, most obvious in the palms and soles of the feet. Jaundice- related to liver failure. First seen in eyes.
54
KERATIN
A fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair and nails.
55
KERATINOCYTES
Produce the fibrous protein keratin. Spider shaped cells. They die as they progress through the epidermis.
56
LANGERHANS CELLS
Epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system. Phagocytosis. Maintaining the normal flora of the skin. Maintain the bugs on skin.
57
LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.
58
LUNULA
White area at the base of a fingernail
59
MAMMARY GLANDS
Specialized sweat glands that secrete milk. Stimulated by hormone lactin and delivery of baby.
60
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
Decreasing the number of pathogens in the area. Number 1 way is washing hands.
61
MEDULLA OF HAIR ROOT
Core of the hair structure
62
MELANIN
Yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors. Freckles and pigmented moles- result from local accumulations of melanin.
63
MELANOCYTES
Produce the brown pigment melanin. Star shaped. Protects from UV light.
64
MERKEL CELLS
Function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings.
65
MEROCRINE SWEAT GLAND
Very simple coil like tubes. Through exicytosis they release sweat.
66
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
Direct, indirect, air, vector, and vehicle
67
NORMAL FLORA & WHERE
Normal flora- normal microorganisms that are found there. Sterile systems: urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, nervous, muscular/skeletal. These do not have those bugs.
68
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
Infections resulting from the health care given. Bugs that are harder to treat.
69
PAPILLARY LAYER
Areolar connective tissue (cushions body) with collagen and elastic fibers. Its superios surface contains peglike projections called dermal papillae (forms fingerprints). Dermal papillae contain capillary loops (where diffusion takes place), Meissner's corpuscles, and free nerve endings. Feeds epidermis.
70
PATHOGEN
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause a disease.
71
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Engulfing large substances into a cell.
72
PIGMENT OF SKIN
Melanin: Yellow to reddish-brown to black. Jaundice. Erythemia. Cyanosis.
73
PORTAL OF ENTRY
Same as portal of exit
74
PORTAL OF EXIT
Same as portal of entrance.
75
PRODOROMAL
Before dermal layer
76
RESERVIOR
Best for pathogen is warm, dark, and moist.
77
RETICULAR LAYER
Accounts for about 80% of the thickness of the skin. Collagen fibers in this layer add strength and resiliency to the skin. Elastin fibers provide strech-recoil properties. Very rich in blood supply.
78
ROLE OF THE LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS
Look it up
79
RADIATION
Giving off heat into the air without touching something cooler.
80
ROLE OF THE PAPILLAE RIDGES
Fingerprints. Identity and gripping.
81
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Simple alveolar glands found all over the body. Oil glands. Sac like structures. Soften the skin when stimulated by hormones. Anti bacterial action. Secrete an oily secretion called sebum. Vernix, stuff on babies when in room, keeps baby's skin moist and lubricated.
82
SECOND DEGREE
Serious. area! 10-15%. depth of tissue damage! Epidermis and part of the dermis is damaged, may regenerate. Scarring. effects! red mottled appearance. Blisters. Swelling. Wet surface. Great pain. May scar.
83
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Protect own body from patient blood, saliva, urine, stool, wound drainage.
84
STERILILIZATION
Ridding of all bugs.
85
STRATUM BASALE
Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis. Single layer, cuboidal or columnar. Twenty percent melanin. Consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes. Cells undergo rapid division, hence it's alternate name, stratum germinativan. Go through mitosis every 19 days.
86
STRATUM CORNEUM
Outermost layer. Made out of 20-30 cells think. Keratinized cells, also known as cornofied. Accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness. Waterproofing, protection from abrasion and penetration, rendering the body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assualts.
87
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
Thin, 3-5 layers in which drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs. Organelles and nucleus are kicked out of the cells. Responsible for preparing the cells for death.
88
STRATUM LUCIDUM
Clear layer. Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum. Indistinct boundaries that are determined genetically. Consists a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes. Present only in thick skin, soles of feet and palms of hands. Begins to form fingerprints.
89
STRATUM SPINOSUM
Cells contain a weblike system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes. Melanin granules and Langerhans' cells are abundant in the layer. Connects the layers. Protein synthesis. A lot more keratin being produced.
90
SUBCUTANEOUS
Hypodermis! Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin. Composed of adipose and areolar connective tissue. Cushion, storage, energy source, protection.
91
SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS
Sweat glands, are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
92
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
More stringent way of decreasing pathogens. Wearing scrubs and gloves.
93
SWEAT GLAND DUCT
the superficial portion of the sweat gland that passes through the corium and epidermis, opening on the surface by the porus sudoriferus or sweat pore.
94
SWEAT GLANDS
Eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous, and mammary.
95
SWEAT PORE
The surface opening of the duct of a sweat gland.
96
SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION
Fight or flight
97
TERMINAL
Coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions.
98
THIRD DEGREE
Severe. area! 20% or more. Depth of tissue damage! All skin layers destroyed, deep tissue destruction, nerve endings destroyed, skin cannot regenerate. Effects! White charred appearance. Loss of body fluids. Scarring. Infection. Smell. Treatment! Scrap away dead tissue for new to grow. Skin graphing.
99
THREATS OF BURN VICTIMS
First line of defense gone.
100
THYROID HORMONE
Too much causes more heat.
101
TURGOR
Skin's elasticity. Pinch skin and let go, skin should go back immediately. Dehydrated or old dont go back as fast.
102
VERNIX
Stuff on babies have when in womb, keeps baby's skin moist and lubricated.
103
VIRUS
More complex. Need to be in a living environment. Don't respond to antibiotics.
104
WORMS
Mainly found in digestive system.
